mortality/aging
• mice exposed to vitamin A deficiency in utero start dying during the postnatal period with all mice dead by 15 days of age
• retinol toxicity is increased in these mice with a LD50 that is 3-fold less than controls
• female mice given chow with 10-fold higher than normal amounts of vitamin A give birth to pups with high (64%) mortality in the first three days
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homeostasis/metabolism
• following administration of a 50-mg/kg dose of retinol, there is a 10-fold decrease in retinoic acid production in the liver and a 23-fold drop in the sera compared to wild-type mice
• retinol toxicity is increased in these mice with a LD50 that is 3-fold less than controls
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growth/size/body
weight loss
(
J:76055
)
• mice exposed to vitamin A deficiency in utero have bodyweight that deviate downward from WT at 4 days of age
• body weights beyond 3 g were not achieved before death
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