mortality/aging
• appear grossly abnormal by E11 and are dead by E12.5
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cardiovascular system
• endothelial cells are aberrantly rounded and poorly associated with periendothelial cells and matrix
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• periendothelial cells are scarce and collagen-like fibers are individual and scattered in developing blood vessels
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• exhibit a generally less complex vascular network, with the primary capillary plexus maintaining an immature appearance as vessels remain dilated and almost syncitial, instead of developing into a highly branched network
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• do not see extensive vascular branching and remodeling into large and small vessels in the head, developing eye, primitive gut, umbilical vasculature and intersomitic vessels
• reduction in number of large vessels and the large vessels are smaller and have fewer and straighter branches
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• exhibit a less complex vascular network
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• hearts are essentially devoid of trabeculae and contain just endothelium lining at the inside surface of the ventricle
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• growth retardation of the heart
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• display an immature and much less intricately folded endocardium at E9.5 that appears collapsed and retracted from the myocardial wall at E10.5
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embryo
• exhibit a less complex vascular network
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muscle
• hearts are essentially devoid of trabeculae and contain just endothelium lining at the inside surface of the ventricle
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