mortality/aging
• homozygotes are apparently normal at birth but die within minutes
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cardiovascular system
• hemorrhaging over the convex surfaces of the brain but no abnormal bleeding was seen in other organs
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• adrenocortical cells have a reduction in mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum as well as an increased abundance of liposomes
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• marked reduction of secretory granules in chromaffin cells of adrenal
• increased number of apoptotic chromaffin cells
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homeostasis/metabolism
• by 31%
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• 81% reduction
• results in norepinephrine (synthesis reduced 50%) becoming the predominant adrenal catecholamine
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• 100% increase in dopamine levels measured in cardiac tissue
• 250% increase in dopamine to norepinephrine ratio
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• ascorbic acid levels were markedly reduced in pancreas, pituitary gland, liver, muscle, kidney and nervous system tissue
• supplementing mothers with ascorbic acid had no effect on levels in pups
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respiratory system
• postnatal expansion of lungs failed to occur
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• newborns are unable to breath which leads to their death
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nervous system
• hemorrhaging over the convex surfaces of the brain but no abnormal bleeding was seen in other organs
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• marked reduction of secretory granules in chromaffin cells of adrenal
• increased number of apoptotic chromaffin cells
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