reproductive system
• significant increase in sperm flagellum, but not head, abnormalities relative to wild-type or heterozygous mice
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• sperm with unraveled outer dense fibers are observed
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• significant increase in the number of sperm with unraveled axoneme and/or outer dense fibers (14%) relative to wild-type controls (2%)
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• significant increase in number of sperm with bent midpieces (26%) relative to wild-type controls (5%)
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• aberrant focal condensations of chromatin in step 11 to 13 spermatids
• progressive chromatin condensation in later spermatids, but incomplete condensation in epididymal sperm
• sperm chromatin is more accessible to intercalating dyes and more susceptible to acid denaturation, suggesting DNA strand breaks
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• sperm retention was noted on seminiferous tubules
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• the litter size produced from matings involving homozygous males was almost half the size of controls
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cellular
• significant increase in sperm flagellum, but not head, abnormalities relative to wild-type or heterozygous mice
|
• sperm with unraveled outer dense fibers are observed
|
• significant increase in the number of sperm with unraveled axoneme and/or outer dense fibers (14%) relative to wild-type controls (2%)
|
• significant increase in number of sperm with bent midpieces (26%) relative to wild-type controls (5%)
|
• aberrant focal condensations of chromatin in step 11 to 13 spermatids
• progressive chromatin condensation in later spermatids, but incomplete condensation in epididymal sperm
• sperm chromatin is more accessible to intercalating dyes and more susceptible to acid denaturation, suggesting DNA strand breaks
|
• sperm retention was noted on seminiferous tubules
|