cellular
• white adipose glucose uptake, 7.5+/-0.9 nmol/g/min compared to 16.7+/-2.7 nmol/g/min in wild-type mice
|
• worsening with time
|
• decreased numbers
|
• decreased numbers
|
• beta-cell proliferation is decreased by two-fold compared to in wild-type mice
|
reproductive system
N |
• female mice exhibit normal female fertility, ovary weight, morphology of the uterus, follicles number, and circulating levels of sex steroid hormones
• male germ cell proliferation is normal
|
• worsening with time
|
• decreased numbers
|
• decreased numbers
|
• worsening with time
|
• the size of the epithelium in testis tubules is decreased compared to in wild-type mice
|
small testis
(
J:170888
)
• at 3 months of age
|
• at 3 months of age
|
• worsening with time
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• 2.5-fold
|
• mice exhibit decreased insulin secretion
• however, treatment of mice with recombinant osteocalcin increases insulin secretion
|
adipose tissue
• adipocyte number is increased (125.6+/-10.6x103 adipocytes per fat pad compared to 93.2+/-10.7x103 adipocytes per fat pad in wild-type mice)
|
• white adipose glucose uptake, 7.5+/-0.9 nmol/g/min compared to 16.7+/-2.7 nmol/g/min in wild-type mice
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
• beta-cell proliferation is decreased by two-fold compared to in wild-type mice
|
• mice exhibit decreased islet size and number, beta-cell mass, and pancreas insulin content
|
• mice exhibit decreased beta-cell mass
|
• worsening with time
|
• the size of the epithelium in testis tubules is decreased compared to in wild-type mice
|
small testis
(
J:170888
)
• at 3 months of age
|
• at 3 months of age
|
• mice exhibit decreased insulin secretion
• however, treatment of mice with recombinant osteocalcin increases insulin secretion
|