mortality/aging
• about 50% die at around E11 with failure of allantois-chorion fusion
• about 50% die around E12 with cardiac defects
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embryo
• about 50% exhibit failure of allantois-chorion fusion
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cardiovascular system
• migration of epicardial progenitor cells is impaired due to inefficient budding of proepicardial cysts and a failure of the cells in the cysts to migrate on the heart
• proepicardial cysts have larger villi protrusions with budding cysts and the villi did not have the vesicle-like morphology seen in wild-type
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• epicardium fails to form
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• cardiac hemorrhage
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