cardiovascular system
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• analysis of myocardial tissue revealed no structural differences between mutant and wild-type cardiac muscle
• mutant hearts exhibited neither pericardial abnormalities nor increases in intramyocardial fibrosis
• ultrastructural assessment of adult wild-type and mutant hearts revealed no qualitative differences in basic cellular ultrastructure including mitochondrial morphology, size, or number per cell
• echocardiography revealed the presence of normal left ventricular systolic function in homozygous null hearts
• standard biochemical methods and spectroscopy of isolated working hearts indicated no differences in pH, sugar phosphates, or total myocardial ATP concentration between wild-type and mutant hearts
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• total COX activity was decreased in hearts from homozygous null mice
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• homozygous null hearts exhibited impaired left ventricular filling or diastolic dysfunction under maximal cardiac load, in the absence of systolic dysfunction
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