Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• embryos die between E10.5-11.0
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embryo
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• early branchial arch and neural crest formation and migration appears to occur normally in mutants at E8.5
• principal pattern of crainial neural crest cell migration is maintained
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• agenesis of aortic arches is found in >90% of embryos at E9.5, even if only mild hypoplasia of the hyoid arch is present
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• at E9.5, late migration of neural crest cells into branchial arches is severely disrupted
• few crabp1-positive cells are detected in second aortic arch, but are found scattered and invading adjacent areas that are devoid of these cells in controls
• in hindbrain, stream of migrating cells is much wider than in controls without the clear separation from adjacent tissue seen in controls
• defect is specific and does not cause general disruption of patterning and migration in hindbrain region
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• some embryos display mild hypoplasia of hyoid arches
• defect is most pronounced in central part and less prominent in distal and proximal regions
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• second branchial arch is absent in some embryos (34%) at E9.5
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• second branchial arch is reduced in size in some embryos (55%) at E9.5
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• general growth retardation observed at E9.5
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growth/size/body
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• general growth retardation observed at E9.5
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cardiovascular system
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• intersomitic vessels form defectively, with numerous aberrant branches and sprouts invading somitic tissue instead of respecting somitic boundaries as seen in wild-type embryos at E9.5
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• arrest of angiogenesis in the head at primitive capillary plexus stage is observed at E9.5
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• agenesis of aortic arches is found in >90% of embryos at E9.5, even if only mild hypoplasia of the hyoid arch is present
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• defects in formation of cardinal veins are seen in E9.5 embryos
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craniofacial
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• agenesis of aortic arches is found in >90% of embryos at E9.5, even if only mild hypoplasia of the hyoid arch is present
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• some embryos display mild hypoplasia of hyoid arches
• defect is most pronounced in central part and less prominent in distal and proximal regions
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• second branchial arch is absent in some embryos (34%) at E9.5
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• second branchial arch is reduced in size in some embryos (55%) at E9.5
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cellular
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• at E9.5, late migration of neural crest cells into branchial arches is severely disrupted
• few crabp1-positive cells are detected in second aortic arch, but are found scattered and invading adjacent areas that are devoid of these cells in controls
• in hindbrain, stream of migrating cells is much wider than in controls without the clear separation from adjacent tissue seen in controls
• defect is specific and does not cause general disruption of patterning and migration in hindbrain region
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