mortality/aging
• at E11.5, homozygous mutant embryos are absent, with 16.7% of deciduae undergoing resorption
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embryo
• at E7.5, homozygotes fail to develop organized primary germ layers, despite the presence of trophectoderm and primitive endoderm
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• homozygotes fail to undergo gastrulation
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• homozygotes appear poorly developed between E7.5 and E10.5
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• at E7.5, the mutant mesoderm fails to emerge from the epiblast
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cellular
• mutant ES cells are resistant to differentiation induced by retinoic acid (RA), and teratomas derived from them consist of undifferentiated and poorly differentiated tissues
• in addition, mutant ES cells show aberrant expression of RA-responsive genes and a selective impairment in transcription from synthetic RA-responsive elements
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growth/size/body
• homozygotes appear poorly developed between E7.5 and E10.5
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