cellular
• spiral ganglion neuron axons in the cochlea fail to fasciculate correctly, arranging in less condensed bundles
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hearing/vestibular/ear
• shortened cochleae
• however, stereociliary bundle morphology and orientation are normal, vestibular anatomy is normal and mice do not show circling or balance defects
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• increase in hair cell density towards the apex, suggesting that the shortened cochlea is due to impaired convergent extension
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• under-coiled cochleae
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• auditory brainstem response thresholds for the click and all tested frequencies (8-24 kHz) are > 70 dB, indicating severe deafness
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• all mice have distortion product-evoked otoacoustic emissions, however amplitudes produced by mutants are reduced in low/mid frequencies bur remain normal at the highest tested frequency (24 kHz)
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nervous system
• spiral ganglion neuron axons in the cochlea fail to fasciculate correctly, arranging in less condensed bundles
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• increase in hair cell density towards the apex, suggesting that the shortened cochlea is due to impaired convergent extension
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• type II spiral ganglion neurons show aberrant projections through the cochlear sensory epithelium and a reduction of the density of axons is seen throughout the organ of Corti
• in the apex of the organ of Corti, some axons aberrantly turn toward the apex
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• impairment of synapses between inner hair cells and type I spiral ganglion neurons
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• postsynaptic glutamate receptors are not detectable in ribbon synapses
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