mortality/aging
• animals die at birth, probably due to an inability to breathe
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nervous system
N |
• homozygous mice exhibited normal brain development and initial formation of synaptic connections
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• apoptotic death of mature neurons was noted starting in the lower brainstem and later in the midbrain and basal forebrain
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• loss of neurons in culture between 3 and 7 DIV without improvement when cultured with wild-type neurons or application of insulin or BDNF
• however, degeneration is delayed by culturing on glial cells and organoculture with wild-type slices of the hippocampus
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• degeneration of the phrenic nerve was noted in homozygous mice; the phrenic nerve initially innervated the diaphragm and the neuromuscular synapse formed normally at E14 -E15, but then degenerated and disappeared by E18
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• no synaptic activity was detectable in embryonic stages in homozygous mice; however, postsynaptic receptors were functional and spontaneous action potentials were observed
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• complete loss of neurotransmitter secretion from synaptic vesicles during development
(J:77237)
• cultured neurons lack neurotransmitter synaptic vesicle secretion unlike wild-type cells
(J:100337)
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