skeleton
• osteoclast numbers in the primary ossification centers of E15.5 tibiae are reduced by two-thirds
• the number of osteoblasts found at the border of the tibiae growth plate is decreased by 50%
• the osteoclast surface area in trabecular bone in 15 day old mice is decreased by a third
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• there is a 50% increase in trabecular bone volume in neonates and in 15 day old mice
• the trabecular bone extends more deeply into the metaphyseal area of the proximal tibiae in 15 day old mice
• the growth plate of cancellous bone has less blood vessel invasion and fewer osteoblasts associated with it
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• trabecular ossification is delayed with smaller ossification centers occurring in the tibiae of E15.5 mice
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homeostasis/metabolism
• mean serum levels of the active form of vitamin D are 127.4 pg/ml compared to 74.88 pg/ml in wild-type mice at 15 days of age
• levels normalize by adulthood
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• levels of circulating FGF23, which regulates phosphate homeostasis, is decreased by 43% in 15 day old mice compared to wild-type controls
• levels normalize by adulthood
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• phosphate levels are 14.33 mg/ml compared to 12.87 mg/ml in wild-type controls at 15 days of age
• levels normalize by adulthood
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hematopoietic system
• osteoclast numbers in the primary ossification centers of E15.5 tibiae are reduced by two-thirds
• the number of osteoblasts found at the border of the tibiae growth plate is decreased by 50%
• the osteoclast surface area in trabecular bone in 15 day old mice is decreased by a third
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cardiovascular system
• invasion of blood vessels from the perichondrium into the cartilage core is reduced by a third in tibiae growth plate of E15.5 mice
• in neonatal tibiae, the number of blood vessels invading the terminal
row of the hypertrophic chondrocytes of the growth plate is reduced
• the intercapillary distance is significantly increased both at the terminal row of the growth plate and in the metaphysis of 15 day old mice
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immune system
• osteoclast numbers in the primary ossification centers of E15.5 tibiae are reduced by two-thirds
• the number of osteoblasts found at the border of the tibiae growth plate is decreased by 50%
• the osteoclast surface area in trabecular bone in 15 day old mice is decreased by a third
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