growth/size/body
• by 100 days of age mutant mice weighed 20% less than heterozygous and wild-type littermates
|
muscle
• increased spacing between muscle fibers
|
• increased mean fiber size
(J:44448)
• increased cross sectional area (CSA) in all fiber types examined
(J:78886)
|
• decreased total fiber number in all hindlimb muscles
|
• increased proportion of type IID fibers in gastrocnemius muscles
|
• decreased gastrocnemius mass
(J:44448)
• decreased vastus lateralis mass
(J:44448)
• abnormal skeletal muscle mass and morphology were noted
(J:78284)
• decreased muscle mass in tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps muscles
(J:78886)
|
• fibers of gastrocnemic muscles show signs of severe atrophy and/or degeneration
|
• extensor digitorum longus muscles show reduced maximum tetanic force
|
behavior/neurological
• decreased forelimb and hindlimb grip strength
|