mortality/aging
• among progeny of heterozygote matings only about 2% of 4 week old mice are homozygous
• normal proportion at E18.5
• most deaths occur withing the first 24 to 48 hours of life
|
growth/size/body
• body size of newborn mice about 20% below that of littermates
|
• weight of newborn mice about 20% below that of littermates
• mice surviving beyond 48 hours develop normally and are fertile but remain 10-30% under weight for several months before eventually attaining normal size
|
cardiovascular system
• capillary lumina sometimes cluttered with endothelial processes
• abnormalities are corrected with age
|
• abnormal endothelial cell layer
|
• reduced number of capillary loops
|
• dilated lumen of the capillary loop
|
• Background Sensitivity: 7% of mice show double outlet right ventricle in conjunction with ventricular septal defects
|
• Background Sensitivity: 14% of hearts show atrial septal defects
|
• always seen together with double outlet right ventricle
|
hemorrhage
(
J:71581
)
• spontaneous bleeding starts around E12.5
• no bleeding in inner organs or abdominal cavity
• severity of bleeding increases during gestation and becomes critical perinatally
• spontaneous bleeding ends two days after birth and subcutaneous blood clears
|
• most bleeding at E12.5 in the region of the telencephalon and beneath the spinal cord
|
hematopoietic system
• 70% reduction in hematocrit starting around E18.5
|
respiratory system
• delayed
|
• alveoli poorly expanded
|
• thickened parenchymal septa
|
• lumen of alveoli dilated and irregular
• endothelium organization regular
|
• only about 50% are able to start spontaneous breathing at birth
|
renal/urinary system
• number of foot processes and their shapes are abnormal
|
• 10-40% of kidney glomeruli are abnormal
|
• abnormal endothelial cell layer
|
• reduced number of capillary loops
|
• dilated lumen of the capillary loop
|
nervous system
• most bleeding at E12.5 in the region of the telencephalon and beneath the spinal cord
|
immune system
integument
• at E12.5, petechial bleeding is often seen along blood vessels under the skin
• subcutaneous blood is cleared by day 2 after birth
|
endocrine/exocrine glands