immune system
• thymus exhibits 15-20% reduction in weight compared to wild-type
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• total number of thymocytes retrieved from thymus is 74% lower than wild-type
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• spleen is 2-fold larger than wild-type, but follicular dendritic cell network and germinal centers are intact
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• percentage of double negative (DN) cells is significantly enhanced compared to wild-type
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• percentage of double-positive (DP) thymocytes is reduced by 75%
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• T lymphopenia is exhibited with 10-fold reduction in circulating CD4+ T cells
• percentage of CD4+ thymocytes is reduced; number of SP cells in thymus is reduced by 87%
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• T lymphopenia is exhibited with 3-fold reduction in circulating CD8+ T cells
• number of SP cells in thymus is reduced by 55%
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• spleen contains 3-fold more lymphocytes than wild-type
• number of B lymphocytes (B220+) is increased relative to T lymphocytes (CD3+)
• percentage of CD4+ cells in spleen is slightly reduced
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• percentage of thymocytes in S phase of cell cycle is dramatically increased compared to wild-type
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• thymus exhibits 4-fold higher TUNEL-positive cells than wild-type; apoptotic cells are found in cortex region, not in medulla; enhanced apoptosis is associated with DP thymocytes
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• activated TH cells from mutants produce no Il-17, Il-17F or Il-22
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• development is completely arrested resulting in absence of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches
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• absence observed at necropsy
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• observed at necropsy; peripheral, para-aortic, and mesenteric lymph nodes are not found
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hematopoietic system
• thymus exhibits 15-20% reduction in weight compared to wild-type
|
• total number of thymocytes retrieved from thymus is 74% lower than wild-type
|
• spleen is 2-fold larger than wild-type, but follicular dendritic cell network and germinal centers are intact
|
• percentage of double negative (DN) cells is significantly enhanced compared to wild-type
|
• percentage of double-positive (DP) thymocytes is reduced by 75%
|
• T lymphopenia is exhibited with 10-fold reduction in circulating CD4+ T cells
• percentage of CD4+ thymocytes is reduced; number of SP cells in thymus is reduced by 87%
|
• T lymphopenia is exhibited with 3-fold reduction in circulating CD8+ T cells
• number of SP cells in thymus is reduced by 55%
|
• spleen contains 3-fold more lymphocytes than wild-type
• number of B lymphocytes (B220+) is increased relative to T lymphocytes (CD3+)
• percentage of CD4+ cells in spleen is slightly reduced
|
• percentage of thymocytes in S phase of cell cycle is dramatically increased compared to wild-type
|
• thymus exhibits 4-fold higher TUNEL-positive cells than wild-type; apoptotic cells are found in cortex region, not in medulla; enhanced apoptosis is associated with DP thymocytes
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• activated TH cells from mutants produce no Il-17, Il-17F or Il-22
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cellular
• thymus exhibits 4-fold higher TUNEL-positive cells than wild-type; apoptotic cells are found in cortex region, not in medulla; enhanced apoptosis is associated with DP thymocytes
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
• thymus exhibits 15-20% reduction in weight compared to wild-type
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• total number of thymocytes retrieved from thymus is 74% lower than wild-type
|
growth/size/body
• spleen is 2-fold larger than wild-type, but follicular dendritic cell network and germinal centers are intact
|