mortality/aging
• homozygous null mice were under-represented at 6.5 dpc and never observed at or after 7.5 dpc
• homozygous null mice were viable in the pre-implantation period but resorbed shortly after implantation
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embryo
• 30% of 5.5 dpc homozygous null embryos displayed complete loss of architecture with a high number of pyknotic cells showing karyorrhexis and karyolysis
• pre-implantation embryos displayed a complete absence of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), which is thought to protect organisms by preventing the translation of aberrant (truncated) proteins with dominant negative or gain-of-function activities
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cellular
• homozygous null blastocysts isolated at 3.5 dpc underwent apoptosis in culture following a short phase of cellular expansion
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reproductive system
• an empty decidua was observed at 28% of implantation sites at 7.0-8.0 dpc
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