mortality/aging
• embryonic lethality and sub-Mendelian ratios are observed from E10.5 onward; only 4.5-12% of surviving pups at birth are homozygous from heterozygous intercrosses or homo/heterozygous intercrosses
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embryo
• homozygotes surviving beyond E10.5 are growth restricted and smaller than littermates
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• labyrinth is smaller, but has fully differentiatied vascular structure
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• embryos have abnormal connections between the placenta and maternal deciduas
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growth/size/body
• homozygotes surviving beyond E10.5 are growth restricted and smaller than littermates
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adipose tissue
• adipose stores associated with internal organs like the heart and kidney are underdeveloped in 4 month-old mice
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• fat layer is 2-fold thinner
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• mice show combined decrease in cell number and size in subcutaneous fat layer
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• mesenteric fat is underdeveloped at 4 months of age
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• mice show 2.5-fold reduction in abdominal fat mass compared to controls postnatally
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• relative mass of interscapular brown fat stores drop by ~70% postnatally
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integument
• fat layer is 2-fold thinner
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