Phenotypes associated with this allele

• Allele Symbol: Dkk1^tm1Lmgd
• Allele Name: targeted mutation 1, Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, Heiner Westphal
• Allele ID: MGI:2387760
• Summary: 13 genotypes

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
hm1	Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^tm1Lmgd	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:3689397
hm2	Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^tm1Lmgd	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:3618757
hm3	Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^tm1Lmgd	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1	MGI:3697481
ht4	Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^+	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:4947314
cx5	Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^+ Kremen1^tm1Dgen/Kremen1^tm1Dgen Kremen2^tm1Cni/Kremen2^tm1Cni	either: B6.Cg-Kremen1^tm1Dgen Kremen2^tm1Cni Dkk1^tm1Lmgd or (involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1)	MGI:3805007
cx6	Ctnnb1^Bfc/Ctnnb1^+ Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^+ Lrp6^Gw/Lrp6^+	either: (involves: 101/H * 129 * BALB/cCrl * C3H) or (involves: 101/H * 129 * BALB/cCrl * C3H * C57BL/6)	MGI:4947311
cx7	Ctnnb1^Bfc/Ctnnb1^Bfc Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^+	either: (involves: 129/Sv * BALB/cCrl * C3H/HeNCrl) or (involves: 129/Sv * BALB/cCrl * C3H/HeNCrl * C57BL/6)	MGI:4947313
cx8	Ctnnb1^Bfc/Ctnnb1^+ Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^+	either: (involves: 129/Sv * BALB/cCrl * C3H/HeNCrl) or (involves: 129/Sv * BALB/cCrl * C3H/HeNCrl * C57BL/6)	MGI:4947312
cx9	Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^+ Lrp6^Gw/Lrp6^+	involves: 101/H * 129 * BALB/c * C3H	MGI:4947305
cx10	Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^+ Lrp6^Gw/Lrp6^Gw	involves: 101/H * 129 * BALB/c * C3H	MGI:4947306
cx11	Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^tm1Lmgd Sfrp5^tm1Shwl/Sfrp5^tm1Shwl	involves: 129 * CD-1	MGI:3697480
cx12	Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^+ Gsc^tm2Bhr/Gsc^+	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:3716765
cx13	Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^+ Gsc^tm2Bhr/Gsc^tm2Bhr	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:3716766

Genotype
MGI:3689397

hm1

• Allelic Composition: Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^tm1Lmgd
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ

• ♀: phenotype observed in females
• ♂: phenotype observed in males
• N: normal phenotype

embryo

rostral body truncation ( J:170646 )

• mice exhibit complete truncations of the head unlike wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:3618757

hm2

• Allelic Composition: Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^tm1Lmgd
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6

mortality/aging

neonatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:71787 )

• all homozygotes die at birth

craniofacial

small interparietal bone ( J:71787 )

• at E17.5, the mutant interparietal bone is reduced relative to the wild-type

small parietal bone ( J:71787 )

• at E17.5, the mutant parietal bone is reduced relative to the wild-type

absent mandible ( J:71787 )

• at E17.5, homozygotes lack a mandibular bone

absent maxilla ( J:71787 )

• at E17.5, homozygotes lack a maxillary bone

absent nasal bone ( J:71787 )

• at E17.5, homozygotes lack a nasal bone

abnormal craniofacial development ( J:71787 )

• at >E10.5, homozygotes lack all craniofacial structures anterior to the external ear

absent frontonasal prominence ( J:71787 )

• absent at E9.5

abnormal mandibular prominence morphology ( J:71787 )

• absent at E9.5

absent nasal placodes ( J:71787 )

• absent at E9.5

abnormal first pharyngeal arch morphology ( J:119933 )

• a single tissue mass replaces the first pair of branchial arches in some mice

nervous system

decreased forebrain size ( J:71787 , J:119933 )

• markedly reduced at E8.5 - E9.5 (J:119933)

decreased midbrain size ( J:71787 )

• by E10.5, homozygotes exhibit truncation of portions of the midbrain

absent diencephalon ( J:71787 )

• at E11.5, homozygotes lack a diencephalon

abnormal telencephalon morphology ( J:71787 )

• at E11.5, homozygotes lack a telencephalon

limbs/digits/tail

abnormal limb bud morphology ( J:71787 )

• at E10.5 and thereafter, homozygotes display defective limb outgrowth

thick apical ectodermal ridge ( J:71787 )

• at E10.5-E11.5, the AER of mutant limb buds appears to be slightly thickened

ectopic digits ( J:71787 )

• at >E11.5, mutant limb buds exhibit ectopic preaxial and postaxial digits

polydactyly ( J:71787 )

• at >E11.5, mutant limbs commonly display an extra digit I and/or an extra digit V

syndactyly ( J:71787 )

• at >E11.5, mutant limbs commonly display a fusion of digits II and III

abnormal forelimb morphology ( J:71787 )

• mutant forelimbs display fusion of digits and ectopic anterior and posterior digits, consistent with a severe reduction in programmed cell death and increased cell proliferation in developing limb bud cells

abnormal hindlimb morphology ( J:71787 )

• homozygotes display truncation of the medial and distal elements of hindlimbs

skeleton

small interparietal bone ( J:71787 )

• at E17.5, the mutant interparietal bone is reduced relative to the wild-type

small parietal bone ( J:71787 )

• at E17.5, the mutant parietal bone is reduced relative to the wild-type

absent mandible ( J:71787 )

• at E17.5, homozygotes lack a mandibular bone

absent maxilla ( J:71787 )

• at E17.5, homozygotes lack a maxillary bone

absent nasal bone ( J:71787 )

• at E17.5, homozygotes lack a nasal bone

embryo

abnormal first pharyngeal arch morphology ( J:119933 )

• a single tissue mass replaces the first pair of branchial arches in some mice

rostral body truncation ( J:71787 )

• by E10.5, homozygotes exhibit truncation of the forebrain and cephalic neural crest-derived head tissues

• at E11.5, all head derivatives anterior of the midbrain are absent

• starting at E8.5, homozygotes display a significant reduction in rostral tissue; however, the remaining anteroposterior body axis, as well as left-right asymmetry, appear unaffected

abnormal limb bud morphology ( J:71787 )

• at E10.5 and thereafter, homozygotes display defective limb outgrowth

thick apical ectodermal ridge ( J:71787 )

• at E10.5-E11.5, the AER of mutant limb buds appears to be slightly thickened

vision/eye

absent optic vesicle ( J:119933 )

• loss of eye evagination at E8.5 - E9.5

anophthalmia ( J:71787 )

• eyes absent at E9.5

taste/olfaction

absent nasal placodes ( J:71787 )

• absent at E9.5

respiratory system

absent nasal bone ( J:71787 )

• at E17.5, homozygotes lack a nasal bone

absent nasal placodes ( J:71787 )

• absent at E9.5

growth/size/body

absent nasal bone ( J:71787 )

• at E17.5, homozygotes lack a nasal bone

abnormal anterior head development ( J:71787 )

• at E9.5 and thereafter, homozygotes lack major head structures anterior of the otic vesicle, including eyes, olfactory placodes, frontonasal mass, and mandibular processes

• by E17.5, homozygotes exhibit a severely truncated head

microcephaly ( J:119933 )

• at E8.5 - E9.5, head size is reduced by 35% compared to wild-type

Genotype
MGI:3697481

hm3

• Allelic Composition: Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^tm1Lmgd
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1

growth/size/body

abnormal anterior head development ( J:117057 )

• at E17.5 7 of 10 mice lack anterior head structures

• Background Sensitivity: unlike mice on a mixed 129 and C57BL/6 background some mice on an outbred CD-1 background develop anterior head structures

Genotype
MGI:4947314

ht4

• Allelic Composition: Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ

growth/size/body

microcephaly ( J:170646 )

• 9% of mice exhibit reduced head compared with wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:3805007

cx5

• Allelic Composition: Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1⁺; Kremen1^tm1Dgen/Kremen1^tm1Dgen; Kremen2^tm1Cni/Kremen2^tm1Cni
• Genetic Background: either: B6.Cg-Kremen1^tm1Dgen Kremen2^tm1Cni Dkk1^tm1Lmgd or (involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1)

skeleton

increased bone volume ( J:137914 )

• limb bone volume is increased compared to in wild-type mice but not compared to in Dkk1^tm1Lmgd heterozygotes

limbs/digits/tail

polydactyly ( J:137914 )

• mice have ectopic postaxial forelimb digits

• the frequency and size of ectopic digits is increase compared to in Kremen1^tm1Dgen Kremen2^tm1Cni homozygotes

• 40% of ectopic digits originate at the carpus like regular digits unlike in Kremen1^tm1Dgen Kremen2^tm1Cni homozygotes where ectopic digits originate from digit V

• however, unlike in Dkk1 null mice webbing of bone elements is not observed

Genotype
MGI:4947311

cx6

• Allelic Composition: Ctnnb1^Bfc/Ctnnb1⁺; Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1⁺; Lrp6^Gw/Lrp6⁺
• Genetic Background: either: (involves: 101/H * 129 * BALB/cCrl * C3H) or (involves: 101/H * 129 * BALB/cCrl * C3H * C57BL/6)

embryo

caudal body truncation ( J:170646 )

• 23% of mice exhibit complete head truncation unlike wild-type mice

growth/size/body

abnormal head size ( J:170646 )

• all mice exhibit head reduction defects unlike wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:4947313

cx7

• Allelic Composition: Ctnnb1^Bfc/Ctnnb1^Bfc; Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1⁺
• Genetic Background: either: (involves: 129/Sv * BALB/cCrl * C3H/HeNCrl) or (involves: 129/Sv * BALB/cCrl * C3H/HeNCrl * C57BL/6)

growth/size/body

abnormal head size ( J:170646 )

• all mice exhibit head reduction defects unlike wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:4947312

cx8

• Allelic Composition: Ctnnb1^Bfc/Ctnnb1⁺; Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1⁺
• Genetic Background: either: (involves: 129/Sv * BALB/cCrl * C3H/HeNCrl) or (involves: 129/Sv * BALB/cCrl * C3H/HeNCrl * C57BL/6)

mortality/aging

preweaning lethality, incomplete penetrance ( J:170646 )

• fewer than expected mice are produced

• viability is less than in Ctnnb1^Bfc heterozygotes

vision/eye

abnormal eye morphology ( J:170646 )

• ocular defects are higher than in Ctnnb1^Bfc heterozygotes

growth/size/body

abnormal head morphology ( J:170646 )

• 92% of mice exhibit head defects compared with wild-type mice

• head defects are higher than in Ctnnb1^Bfc heterozygotes

Genotype
MGI:4947305

cx9

• Allelic Composition: Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1⁺; Lrp6^Gw/Lrp6⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 101/H * 129 * BALB/c * C3H

limbs/digits/tail

kinked tail ( J:170646 )

• in all mice

growth/size/body

abnormal head morphology ( J:170646 )

• in 40-43% of mice

Genotype
MGI:4947306

cx10

• Allelic Composition: Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1⁺; Lrp6^Gw/Lrp6^Gw
• Genetic Background: involves: 101/H * 129 * BALB/c * C3H

growth/size/body

abnormal head morphology ( J:170646 )

• in 79% of mice

Genotype
MGI:3697480

cx11

• Allelic Composition: Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1^tm1Lmgd; Sfrp5^tm1Shwl/Sfrp5^tm1Shwl
• Genetic Background: involves: 129 * CD-1

mortality/aging

perinatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:117057 )

• no viable double homozygotes are found

embryo

embryo phenotype ( J:117057 )

N • location of the anterior visceral endoderm and primitive streak morphology are similar to controls

growth/size/body

abnormal anterior head development ( J:117057 )

• at E17.5 9 of 18 mice lack anterior head structures

• this is not significantly different from Dkk1 single homozygotes on the same genetic background

Genotype
MGI:3716765

cx12

• Allelic Composition: Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1⁺; Gsc^tm2Bhr/Gsc⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6

nervous system

decreased forebrain size ( J:119933 )

• about 43% of embryos at E7.5 - E9.5 display a mild reduction in forebrain size

Genotype
MGI:3716766

cx13

• Allelic Composition: Dkk1^tm1Lmgd/Dkk1⁺; Gsc^tm2Bhr/Gsc^tm2Bhr
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6

embryo

abnormal embryo development ( J:119933 )

• about 75% of embryos at E7.5 - E9.5 display abnormalities that vary in severity

nervous system

decreased forebrain size ( J:119933 )

• at E8.5 and E9.5 variable truncations of the forebrain are seen ranging from mild reduction in head size (14.3% of embryos) to partial loss of the forebrain and ill-defined brain segments (42.8%) and in severely affected embryos (14.3%) anterior truncations resembling those in Dkk1 single homozygotes

vision/eye

abnormal eye development ( J:119933 )

• poor development of the eye primordium in moderately affected embryos (42.8%)

growth/size/body

microcephaly ( J:119933 )

• at E8.5 - E9.5, head size is reduced by 16% compared to wild-type