growth/size/body
• adult female weight is 15% lower than in wild-type
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• 11% decrease in adult female body length
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• seen in both males and females
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nervous system
• average brain-ventricle volume is larger
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• average corpus callosum volume is smaller
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• synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region is lower
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behavior/neurological
N |
• no differences from wild-type are seen in spontaneous locomotion, the hanging wire test measuring balance and grip strength, the beam-walk test, and compensatory eye movements during visual or vestibular stimulation
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• in a contextual fear-conditioning test, show a smaller increase in average freezing time after foot shock than in wild-type, however no differences are seen in a cued fear-conditioning test or elevated zero-maze test, indicating hippocampal defects
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• remain on an accelerating rotarod for significantly shorter periods and exhibit poor initial coordination on a running wheel, showing highly erratic motions and occasional ejection from the wheel
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cellular
• fibroblasts exhibit a higher level of dynactin and restin at microtubule tips, however observe no differences in microtubule dynamics
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skeleton
• lower weight in females is paralleled by shorter bone lengths, however observe no craniofacial irregularities
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