embryo
• at E9.5, the yolk sac is only 1 to 2 cell layers thick compared to 3 to 5 in wild-type mice
• at E9.5, PECAM1 (a marker for endothelial cells) staining is virtually absent from the yolk sac unlike in wild-type mice
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• at E8.5 and E9.5, the number of primitive erythroid cells in the blood islands of the yolk sac and in the embryo proper are decreased compared to in wild-type mice
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cardiovascular system
• at E9.5, mice lack clearly defined vasculature including the dorsal aorta
• at E9.5, PECAM1 (a marker for endothelial cells) staining is absent unlike in wild-type mice
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hematopoietic system
• at E8.5 and E9.5, the number of primitive erythroid cells in the blood islands of the yolk sac and in the embryo proper are decreased compared to in wild-type mice
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• embryoid bodies derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells exhibit a modest reduction in their ability to form various myeloid cells compared to embryoid bodies derived from wild-type ES cells
• yolk sac cells fail to generate myeloid-like colonies when cultured unlike wild-type yolk sac cells
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• embryoid bodies derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells exhibit a modest reduction in their ability to form blast forming units-erythroid and a significant reduction in the number of colony forming units-erythroid compared to embryoid bodies derived from wild-type ES cells
• yolk sac cells fail to generate erythroid-like colonies when cultured and fewer colony forming units-erythroid compared to wild-type yolk sac cells
• however, treatment of embryoid bodies with VEGF restores their ability to form colony forming unit-erythroid
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cellular
• at E8.5, proliferation of embryo and yolk sac cells is decreased compared to in wild-type mice
• embryonic stem (ES) cells exhibit a reduced proliferation and form fewer embryoid bodies than wild-type ES cells
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neoplasm
• embryonic stem (ES) cells transplanted subcutaneously into Scid mice exhibit impaired tumorigenicity associated with decreased tumor vascularization compared to wild-type ES cells
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growth/size/body