mortality/aging
• mice die between E8.5 and E9.5
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embryo
• at E7.5, embryos possess fewer cells than wild-type embryos
• however, apoptosis and cell cycle progression are normal at E7.5
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• abnormal embryos display failure of cell migration at gastrulation
• inability of the extraembryonic mesoderm to migrate sufficiently results in failure of the exocoelomic cavity to form
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• at E6.5, the ectoderm is not thinned to a uniform columnar epithelial layer
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• at E7.5, the embryonic mesoderm accumulates as a mass on the posterior side of abnormal embryos, causing adjacent ectodermal cells to protrude into the amniotic cavity
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• at E7.5
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• at E6.5 and E7.5
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• at E6.5, the embryonic region is reduced compared to in wild-type mice
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• a constriction between the embryonic and extraembryonic regions is commonly observed
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• at E7.5, the extraembryonic tissue is reduced in size compared to in wild-type mice
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• at E7.5, the amniotic cavity fails to divide
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• at E7.5, the amniotic cavity is significantly reduced in size compared to in wild-type mice
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• at E7.5, the ectoplacental cavity has not formed
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• at E7.5, the exocoelomic cavity has not formed
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• trophoblast cells cultured on fibronectin and laminin exhibit reduced spreading compared to wild-type cells
• after 5 days in culture, trophoblasts are either less well spread or detaching from the culture dish
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• at E6.5, the pro-amniotic cavity is reduced in size
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• at E7.5, mutant embryos show disorganised extraembryonic tissues
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• at E7.5, a reduction of extraembryonic mesoderm is observed
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growth/size/body
• at E6.5 and E7.5
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