mortality/aging
• homozygotes fail to survive beyond E9.5, probably due to abnormal heart development
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embryo
• at E9.5, homozygotes have initiated but fail to complete embryo turning
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• at E9.5, homozygotes exhibit multiple defects in L-R axis determination
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cardiovascular system
• at E9.5, homozygotes still display a linear heart tube instead of a multi-chambered heart
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• at E8.0, homozygotes fail to undergo normal rightward cardiac looping
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• at E9.5, the mutant heart remains as a linear tube and is surrounded by a distended pericardial sac
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nervous system
• at E8.5, homozygotes show abnormal forebrain morphology, indicating loss of ventral midline fate
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vision/eye
muscle
• at E9.5, homozygotes have initiated but fail to complete dermomyotomal development
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skeleton