respiratory system
• reduced bronchial airway responsiveness following methacholine or ovalbumin challenge
• however, eosinophilic infiltration associated with antigen exposure is not altered
• the level of cysteinyl leukotrienes is reduced in sensitized mutants
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cardiovascular system
• elevation in peripheral vascular resistance by alpha-adrenergic blockade with prazosin and by transthoracic echocardiogram
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• heart rate variability, calculated as SDNN index, is smaller in mutants, indicating higher sympathetic tone
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• basal heart rate is higher in both anesthetized and conscious, unrestrained mutants
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• mean arterial pressure is higher in both anesthetized and conscious, unrestrained mutants
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homeostasis/metabolism
• increase in levels of urinary catecholamine metabolites (metanephrine and homovanillic acid)
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nervous system
• basal sympathetic nervous activity is higher as indicated by larger fractional change in heart rate upon atenolol (blocks beta-adrenergic sympathetic neurotransmission) administration and a smaller increases in heart rate upon atropine (blocks muscarinic neurotransmission in the parasympathetic nervous system) administration
• when both atropine and atenolol are administered, mutants show a reduction in heart rate compared to no change in wild-type
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renal/urinary system
• increase in levels of urinary catecholamine metabolites (metanephrine and homovanillic acid)
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