Analysis Tools
behavior/neurological
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• reduced blink reflex due to abnormal corneal sensation
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• decreased mucosal thickening and folding in the secretory epithelium of the ventral prostate
|
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• crusting drainage
|
immune system
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• Il-1beta levels significantly increased by 4 months of age
|
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• mice display phenotypic changes and ocular surface inflammation that mimic human keratoconjunctivitis sicca
|
muscle
|
• decrease in both longitudinal and circular muscle contraction of the intestine in response to electric field stimulation
|
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• muscle strips from the gut with reduced spontaneous contractile activity
• contractile strength of stimulated gut muscles considerably reduced
|
reproductive system
|
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• decreased mucosal thickening and folding in the secretory epithelium of the ventral prostate
|
vision/eye
|
• significantly reduced number of globlet cells in the bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva
|
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• leukocytes found in epithelium
|
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• thickened at 10 weeks from 5 layers to 8 with a basal cell phenotype
|
enophthalmos
(
J:53261
)
|
• eyes set more deeply in sockets
|
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• drooping, thickened eyelids by 2 months of age
|
thick eyelids
(
J:53261
)
|
• eyelid thickening in most mice by 2 months of age
|
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• permeability of corneal epithelium increased
|
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• crusting drainage
|
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• Il-1beta levels significantly increased by 4 months of age
|
|
• mice display phenotypic changes and ocular surface inflammation that mimic human keratoconjunctivitis sicca
|
|
• reduced aqueous tear production becoming significant at 8 weeks
• significantly delayed tear fluorescein clearance at >8 weeks
|
nervous system
|
• decreased small fiber density in the small intestine and colon (by 40% in duodenum)
(J:53261)
• 35% fewer small bowel submucosal neurons, however the number of colonic submucosal neurons and colon and small bowel myenteric neurons is normal
(J:82456)
• myenteric neuron size is reduced by 29% in the small bowel and 33% in the colon, however submucosal neuron size is normal
(J:82456)
• density of acetylcholinesterase-stained neuronal fibers in the myenteric plexus is reduced by 32% in the small bowel and 22% in the colon
(J:82456)
|
|
• reduced number of ciliary ganglion neurons but pupil function is normal
|
|
• otic ganglion cell size reduced but numbers of cells is normal
|
|
• severe reduction or lack of innervation to the lacrimal gland
(J:53261)
• submandibular gland neurons smaller and fibers thinner
(J:53261)
• parasympathetic innervation of glandular tissue in reproductive organs lost
(J:89350)
|
|
• nerve fibers are almost completely absent in the lacrimal gland of adult mice, indicating reduced parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland
|
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• 70-95% reduction in substance P and 35-70% reduction in VIP release
|
digestive/alimentary system
|
• decrease in both longitudinal and circular muscle contraction of the intestine in response to electric field stimulation
|
