mortality/aging
N |
• mice exhibit normal survival following diethylnitrosamine (DEN) challenged
|
Allele Symbol Allele Name Allele ID |
Commd10Tg(Vav1-icre)A2Kio transgene insertion A2, Dimitris Kioussis MGI:2449949 |
Summary |
76 genotypes |
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice exhibit normal survival following diethylnitrosamine (DEN) challenged
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mice do not survive after 6 weeks of age
|
• fewer than the expected numbers of mice are obtained
|
• cellularity of thymus is reduced
|
• double positive cells are reduced and single positive CD4 and CD8 cells are increased, suggesting reduced proliferation of double negative thymocytes leading to double positive stage
|
• cellularity of thymus is reduced
|
• bone marrow cellularity is reduced, with the percentage of Ter119+ bone marrow cells, corresponding to erythrocyte progenitors, is strongly decreased
• absolute numbers of erythroid and hematopoietic progenitors are reduced as bone marrow cellularity is reduced
• however, the percentage of LSK+ cells in bone marrow is normal
|
• absolute numbers of B lymphocytes are reduced in the spleen
|
• absolute numbers of NK cells are reduced in the spleen
|
• absolute numbers of T lymphocytes are reduced in the spleen
|
• absolute numbers of hematopoietic progenitors are reduced as bone marrow cellularity is reduced
|
• the percentage of Ter119+ bone marrow cells, corresponding to erythrocyte progenitors, is strongly decreased
|
• spleen cellularity is normal but absolute numbers of B and T lymphocytes and NK cells are reduced, while macrophages and granulocytes are not affected
|
• double positive cells are reduced and single positive CD4 and CD8 cells are increased, suggesting reduced proliferation of double negative thymocytes leading to double positive stage
|
• cellularity of thymus is reduced
|
• absolute numbers of B lymphocytes are reduced in the spleen
|
• absolute numbers of NK cells are reduced in the spleen
|
• absolute numbers of T lymphocytes are reduced in the spleen
|
• spleen cellularity is normal but absolute numbers of B and T lymphocytes and NK cells are reduced, while macrophages and granulocytes are not affected
|
• double positive cells are reduced and single positive CD4 and CD8 cells are increased, suggesting reduced proliferation of double negative thymocytes leading to double positive stage
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• increased numbers of BFU-E colonies are observed at both high and low concentrations of erythropoietin
|
• mice exhibit erythrocytosis, however, erythropoietin levels are not increased
|
• hematocrits are modestly increased over controls
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• in 5-FU-treated mice
|
• 5-FU-treated mice exhibit increased bone marrow failure and lethality compared with wild-type mice
|
• in the bone marrow
|
• in the bone marrow but not peripheral blood
|
• slightly
|
• slightly decreased CFY potential in vitro
• however, steady-state hematopoiesis and performance in competitive repopulation assay are normal
|
• in the bone marrow but not peripheral blood
|
• slightly
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mice infected with a high dose of mouse hepatitis virus-A59 (MHV) rapidly succumb to infection by day 6 compared to 100% survival in controls
|
• MHV-infected males show reduced recruitment of neutrophils to the liver and spleen
|
• MHV-infected males show reduced recruitment of natural killer cells to the liver and spleen
|
• by 5 days post MHV-infection and at both low and high doses of MHV, females show reduced presence of mononuclear immune cells in the liver
|
• MHV-infected males and females show reduced hepatic and spleen B cell numbers
|
• MHV-infected males and females how reduced recruitment of natural killer cells to the liver and spleen
|
• MHV-infected females show reduced hepatic CD4+ T cells
|
• MHV-infected males show reduced recruitment of macrophages to the liver
|
• at 3 days post MHV-infection, inflammation is moderately reduced in females compared to controls, but not in males
|
• mice are highly susceptible to mouse hepatitis virus-A59 (MHV)
• males show greater susceptibility than females
• females and males infected with MHV show elevated spleen viral burden at both high and lower doses of MHV, however hepatic viral burden is similar in males and females
• viral burden and liver damage are elevated in females at a lower dose of MHV but not in males which exhibit saturated hepatic infection
• bone marrow-derived macrophages are more susceptible to MHV infection
• in splenocyte cultures, MHV infects macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells and B cells but not CD4+ or CD8+ T cells
• B cells from both male and female mice are highly susceptible to MHV infection
|
• mice infected with a high dose of mouse hepatitis virus-A59 (MHV) rapidly succumb to infection by day 6 compared to 100% survival in controls
|
• MHV-infected males show reduced recruitment of neutrophils to the liver and spleen
|
• MHV-infected males show reduced recruitment of natural killer cells to the liver and spleen
|
• by 5 days post MHV-infection and at both low and high doses of MHV, females show reduced presence of mononuclear immune cells in the liver
|
• MHV-infected males and females show reduced hepatic and spleen B cell numbers
|
• MHV-infected males and females how reduced recruitment of natural killer cells to the liver and spleen
|
• MHV-infected females show reduced hepatic CD4+ T cells
|
• MHV-infected males show reduced recruitment of macrophages to the liver
|
• females, but not males, infected with MHV exhibit increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels
|
• females, but not males, infected with MHV exhibit higher levels of liver damage than controls
|
• by 5 days post MHV-infection and at both low and high doses of MHV, females show higher levels of liver necrosis than males
|
• mice infected with an intermediate viral dose of MHV exhibit liver pallor
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice subjected to systemic anaphylaxis exhibit normal histamine release response of mast cells in vivo
• mice exhibit normal cutaneous anaphylaxis response
• bone marrow-derived mast cells exhibit normal early and late effector functions upon Fcer1-mediated activation
|
• bone marrow cultures yield less bone marrow-derived mast cells compared with wild-type cultures
• however, in vivo numbers of mast cells in the ear skin are normal
|
• in bone marrow-derived mast cells activated with TNP
|
• bone marrow cultures yield less bone marrow-derived mast cells compared with wild-type cultures
• however, in vivo numbers of mast cells in the ear skin are normal
|
• bone marrow cultures yield less bone marrow-derived mast cells compared with wild-type cultures
• however, in vivo numbers of mast cells in the ear skin are normal
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• hematopoietic stem cell numbers are similar to controls at 6-8 weeks of age and cells perform similar to control cells in a competitive transplantation assay
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• viable with no gross abnormalities at E14.5, E17.5 and P1
• hematopoietic progenitors from E9.5 embryos demonstrate comparable erythroid colony formation
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• double negative to double positive differentiation is blocked unlike in wild-type mice
|
• double negative to double positive differentiation is blocked unlike in wild-type mice
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• pro-T cells exhibit excessive cell death unlike wild-type cells
|
• 100-fold reduction in cellularity
|
• early lymphoid progenitors and early thymic precursors fail to differentiate into mature T cells in the presence of Il7 unlike in wild-type mice
• however, inhibition of SOCS1 or overexpression of Bcl2 restores T cell differentiation in vitro
|
• alphabeta-T cells are reduced 1000-fold compared to in wild-type mice
|
• early T-cell precursors in the thymus are reduced compared to in wild-type mice
|
• DN1a-e subsets are decreased 70- to 130-fold compared to in wild-type mice
• DN1a/b cells are decreased 230-fold compared to in wild-type mice
|
• 100-fold reduction in DN2a cells
• 40-fold reduction in DN2b cells
|
• 3-fold reduction in DN3a cells
• 10-fold reduction in DN3b cells
|
• 7-fold
|
• pro-T cells exhibit excessive cell death unlike wild-type cells
|
• 100-fold reduction in cellularity
|
• early lymphoid progenitors and early thymic precursors fail to differentiate into mature T cells in the presence of Il7 unlike in wild-type mice
• however, inhibition of SOCS1 or overexpression of Bcl2 restores T cell differentiation in vitro
|
• alphabeta-T cells are reduced 1000-fold compared to in wild-type mice
|
• early T-cell precursors in the thymus are reduced compared to in wild-type mice
|
• DN1a-e subsets are decreased 70- to 130-fold compared to in wild-type mice
• DN1a/b cells are decreased 230-fold compared to in wild-type mice
|
• 100-fold reduction in DN2a cells
• 40-fold reduction in DN2b cells
|
• 3-fold reduction in DN3a cells
• 10-fold reduction in DN3b cells
|
• 7-fold
|
• pro-T cells exhibit excessive cell death unlike wild-type cells
|
• 100-fold reduction in cellularity
|
• early T-cell precursors in the thymus are reduced compared to in wild-type mice
|
• DN1a-e subsets are decreased 70- to 130-fold compared to in wild-type mice
• DN1a/b cells are decreased 230-fold compared to in wild-type mice
|
• 100-fold reduction in DN2a cells
• 40-fold reduction in DN2b cells
|
• 3-fold reduction in DN3a cells
• 10-fold reduction in DN3b cells
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• slight decrease in splenic T2 B cells in 4 week old mice
|
• decreased levels of IgD in transitional type 1 and 2 (T1,2), follicular (FO) and marginal zone (MZ) B cell populations
|
• increased levels of IgM in transitional type 2 (T2), follicular (FO) and marginal zone (MZ) B cell populations
|
• slight decrease in splenic T2 B cells in 4 week old mice
|
• decreased levels of IgD in transitional type 1 and 2 (T1,2), follicular (FO) and marginal zone (MZ) B cell populations
|
• increased levels of IgM in transitional type 2 (T2), follicular (FO) and marginal zone (MZ) B cell populations
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• in mice infected with L. monocytogenes
|
• mice infected with L. monocytogenes exhibit increased mortality and spleen and liver bacterial counts compared with control mice
|
• in mice infected with L. monocytogenes
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice exhibit normal hemograms
|
• decreased circulating platelets 2 min after administration of agonists
|
N |
• mice exhibit normal prothrombin tine and activated partial thromboplastin time
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice exhibit normal hemograms
|
• decreased circulating platelets 2 min after administration of agonists
|
N |
• mice exhibit normal prothrombin tine and activated partial thromboplastin time
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• all mice die around 30 weeks of age
• mice treated with phenylhydrazine to reduce red blood cells without affecting neutrophils show reversion of lethality
|
• mice exhibit extramedullary hematopoiesis
• however, mice do not develop myelofibrosis
|
• bone marrow stem cell populations show an expansion of the erythroid progenitor population within myeloid progenitor cell
• however, long-term and short-term hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitor compositions are not affected
|
• bone marrow stem cell populations show an expansion of the megakaryocytic progenitor population within myeloid progenitor cells
|
• red blood cell mass is roughly tripled by increasing the absolute whole-body red blood cell number
|
• erythrocytosis
• bone marrow lineage-negative hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells grown in culture show increased proliferation of erythroid cells
|
• leukocytosis, including neutrophilia
|
• bone marrow lineage-negative hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells grown in culture show increased proliferation of granulocytic cells
|
• moribund mice exhibit widespread large vascular occlusions, prominently in the lungs and kidney
|
• moribund mice often show symptoms of thrombosis, including low extremity paralysis and coolness, tachycardia, and tachypnea
|
• increase in several proinflammatory cytokines, including CCL3 and CSF1
|
• leukocytosis, including neutrophilia
|
• bone marrow lineage-negative hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells grown in culture show increased proliferation of granulocytic cells
|
• increase in several proinflammatory cytokines, including CCL3 and CSF1
|
• low extremity paralysis in moribund mice
|
• moribund mice exhibit widespread large vascular occlusions, prominently in the lungs and kidney
• mice treated with repeated injections of Ly-6G antibody to reduce the peripheral neutrophil count do not show alternations in vascular occlusions
• mice treated with phenylhydrazine to reduce red blood cells without affecting neutrophils show a reduction in vascular occlusion formation
|
• tachycardia in moribund mice
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
myeloproliferative neoplasm | DOID:2226 | J:257910 |
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• cDC1s virtually absent
|
• cDC1s virtually absent
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• more than 80% of mice survive beyond 40 weeks
• mice treated with phenylhydrazine to further reduce red blood counts show an even greater improvement in survival
|
N |
• mice exhibit amelioration of the neutrophilia and thrombocytosis, partial reversion of reticulocytosis, mild reduction in red blood cell counts, fewer megakaryocytes and megakaryocyte clusters, reduced spleen size, and reversion of about 25% of the red blood cell expansion seen in single Jak2tm1.1Ble conditional mutants
• bone marrow lineage-negative hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells grown in culture show a reduction in the increased proliferation of erythroid and granulocytic cells seen in single Jak2tm1.1Ble conditional mutants
|
• granulocytic differentiation to Gr1/Mac1 double-positive cells is mildly decreased in cultured cells
|
• early-stage megakaryocytic differentiation to CD41+ cells is mildly decreased in cultured cells
|
N |
• mice show decreased vascular occlusions than in single Jak2tm1.1Ble conditional mutants, with a decrease in the number of large clots with compact red blood cells and improved blood flow
|
N |
• several proinflammatory cytokines, including CCL3 and CSF1, that are increased in single Jak2tm1.1Ble conditional mutants are reduced
|
• granulocytic differentiation to Gr1/Mac1 double-positive cells is mildly decreased in cultured cells
|
• erythroid differentiation to Ter119/CD71 double-positive cells is mildly decreased in cultured cells
|
• granulocytic differentiation to Gr1/Mac1 double-positive cells is mildly decreased in cultured cells
|
• early-stage megakaryocytic differentiation to CD41+ cells is mildly decreased in cultured cells
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations are distorted
|
• 30 fold decrease in numbers of myeloid progenitors (Sca-1- cKit+, LS-K+)
|
• found in femur and tibia of 5 day old mice as compared to control
|
• found in peripheral blood of 5 day old mice as compared to control
|
• found in peripheral blood of 5 day old mice as compared to control
|
• found in peripheral blood of 5 day old mice as compared to control
|
• 30 fold decrease in numbers of hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors (Sca-1+ cKit+, LS+K+)
|
• found in peripheral blood of 5 day old mice as compared to control
|
• newborn pups are smaller than controls
|
• lethality is a result severe anemia
• most mice die by day 10
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• without affecting architecture
|
• in adult mice
|
• mice exhibit an increase in ProE and Ery.A fractions but a decrease in Ery.B and Ery.C in the bone marrow compared with control mice
• mice exhibit an increase in ProE and Ery.A fractions but a decrease in Ery.C in the spleen compared with control mice
• early erythropoiesis is partially blocked in association with a cell cycle defect
• proerythroblast exhibit reduced proliferation compared with control cells
• however, proerythroblast apoptosis rates are normal
|
• decrease in the granulocyte macrophage progenitor (GMP) cells in the bone marrow
|
• ProE cells are increased 3.6- and 74-fold in the bone marrow and spleen compared with control mice
|
• in the bone marrow
|
• 4.7-fold in the spleen
|
• secondary
|
• early long and short term hematopoietic stem cells are increased compared to in control mice
• however, the number of lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors is normal and the increased in hematopoietic stem cells disappears in the alter stages of differentiation
|
• increase in the megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP) cells in the spleen
|
• reduced half-life
|
• in adult mice
|
• proerythroblast exhibit reduced proliferation compared with control cells
|
• without affecting architecture
|
• in adult mice
|
• without affecting architecture
|
• in adult mice
|
• in adult mice
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• transplanted bone marrow progenitors transfected with BCR-ABL and NUP98-HOXA9 proliferate slower than similarly treated wild-type cells improving host survival
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mice lack committed c-Kit+CD19+ pro-B cells
|
• mice lack committed c-Kit+CD19+ pro-B cells
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• development of pro-B cells is rescued
|
• proximal VH7183-DJH and distal VHJ558-DJH rearrangements of the IgH are reduced compared to in wild-type mice
• Vk-Jk recombination of the Igk locus is absent
|
• proximal VH7183-DJH and distal VHJ558-DJH rearrangements of the IgH are reduced compared to in wild-type mice
• Vk-Jk recombination of the Igk locus is absent
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice exhibit normal hematopoietical parameters in peripheral blood and normal bone marrow cell numbers
|
• increase in common lymphocyte progenitor cells in the bone marrow and spleen
|
• increase in megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors in the spleen
|
• increase in LSK and lineage-restricted progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen
• increase in LK in the spleen
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• NK cells fail to make IFN-gamma in response to injections of TLR9 agonists
• NK cells in vivo have a blunted IFN-gamma response to LPS injections
|
• NK cells fail to make IFN-gamma in response to injections of TLR9 agonists
• NK cells in vivo have a blunted IFN-gamma response to LPS injections
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• c-Kit+B220+ pro-B cells and c-Kit-B220+ developmental stages are rescued
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• unlike null homozygotes, mice survive to adulthood
|
• at E14.5, mice exhibit blood-filled vessels unlike wild-type mice
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• born at the expected frequency and fertile
• 93% die by 24-26 weeks
|
• 4X smaller than controls in older mice
|
• with loss of cortico-medullary differentiation
|
• absolute numbers of progenitors reduced 2 fold
• reduced myeloid colony formation
|
• reduced erythroid colony formation
|
• cellularity reduced
• hypoplasia in femora
|
• significant and progressive increase of immunophenotypic common lymphoid fraction
• lymphoid colony frequency is reduced 4X
• increased proportion of cells in S/G2/M phase
• homing of cells to host bone marrow is reduced
|
• significant loss of B lymphocytes in young mice
|
• significant loss of T lymphocytes in young mice
|
• slight decrease in myeloid cells
|
• in bone marrow
• remaining cells unable to repopulate irradiated hosts
• stem cells fail to maintain quiescence
|
• hypoplasia
|
• 4X smaller than controls in older mice
|
• reduced size
|
• hypoplasia
|
• significant loss of B lymphocytes in young mice
|
• significant loss of T lymphocytes in young mice
|
• 4X smaller than controls in older mice
|
• with loss of cortico-medullary differentiation
|
• hypoplasia
|
• 4X smaller than controls in older mice
|
• reduced size
|
• hypoplasia
|
• 4X smaller than controls in older mice
|
• with loss of cortico-medullary differentiation
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mutant alpha4Beta7+ common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) engrafted into Rag1/Il2rg null recipients produce fewer numbers of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)
• differentiation ability of alpha4Beta7+ CLPs in culture is impaired
|
• mice exhibit a reduced number of IFN-gamma+ group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) after S. typhimurium infection
• mice show a decreased number of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lung and a reduced number of IL-5 and IL-13 secreting ILC2s in the lung after papain challenge
|
• mutant alpha4Beta7+ common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) engrafted into Rag1/Il2rg null recipients produce fewer numbers of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)
• differentiation ability of alpha4Beta7+ CLPs in culture is impaired
|
• mice exhibit a reduced number of IFN-gamma+ group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) after S. typhimurium infection
• mice show a decreased number of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lung and a reduced number of IL-5 and IL-13 secreting ILC2s in the lung after papain challenge
|
• leukocyte infiltration is attenuated in the lungs after papain challenge
|
• mice exhibit a higher number of S. typhimurium CFUs in mesenteric lymph nodes after infection than controls
• mice exhibit a higher number of bacterial CFUs in feces, weight loss and shrinking colon length accompanied by more severe intestinal damage after C. rodentium infection
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• frequencies of alpha-lymphoid progenitors, common helper innate lymphoid cell progenitors (CHILPs), and innate lymphoid cell precursors (ILCPs) are reduced in the small intestine and liver, ILC2s in the small intestine and lung, and ILC3s in the small intestine
• mutant common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) engrafted into Rag1/Il2rg null recipients produce fewer numbers of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)
• differentiation ability of alpha4Beta7+ CLPs in culture is suppressed
• however, normal frequencies of alpha4Beta7+ CLPs are seen
|
• mice exhibit a reduced number of IFN-gamma+ group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) after S. typhimurium infection
• mice show a decreased number of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lung and a reduced number of IL-5 and IL-13 secreting ILC2s in the lung after papain challenge
|
• frequencies of alpha-lymphoid progenitors, common helper innate lymphoid cell progenitors (CHILPs), and innate lymphoid cell precursors (ILCPs) are reduced in the small intestine and liver, ILC2s in the small intestine and lung, and ILC3s in the small intestine
• mutant common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) engrafted into Rag1/Il2rg null recipients produce fewer numbers of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)
• differentiation ability of alpha4Beta7+ CLPs in culture is suppressed
• however, normal frequencies of alpha4Beta7+ CLPs are seen
|
• mice exhibit a reduced number of IFN-gamma+ group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) after S. typhimurium infection
• mice show a decreased number of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lung and a reduced number of IL-5 and IL-13 secreting ILC2s in the lung after papain challenge
|
• number of intestinal lymphoid follicles is decreased
• however, NK cells in the spleen and blood are not affected
|
• number of Peyers patches is decreased
|
• leukocyte infiltration is attenuated in the lungs after papain challenge
|
• mice exhibit a higher number of S. typhimurium CFUs in mesenteric lymph nodes after infection than controls
• mice exhibit a higher number of bacterial CFUs in feces, weight loss and shrinking colon length accompanied by more severe intestinal damage after C. rodentium infection
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• increase in peripheral blood neutrophil levels
• however, no changes in red blood cell, platelet or lymphocyte levels
|
• increase in peripheral blood neutrophil levels
• however, no changes in red blood cell, platelet or lymphocyte levels
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• the increase in IL-22 secretion seen in in vitro polarized TH22 cells in single conditional Riok2 heterozygotes is blunted
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice exhibit normal expression of Cd8a and Cd8b
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• there is about a 2-fold reduction in myeloid CFU number isolated from E13.5 fetal livers
• a similar reduction in CFU is observed with bone marrow cells
|
• there is about a 3-fold reduction in pre-B cell CFUs isolated from bone marrow
|
• mutant HSC bone marrow cells give less then a 1% long-term reconstitution when transplanted at a 1:1 ratio with wild-type bone marrow into irradiated mice
• mutant HSC bone marrow cells give only a 2% long-term reconstitution when transplanted at a 10:1 ratio
• poor reconstitution is observable as little as 4 weeks after transfer
|
• there is about a 3-fold reduction in pre-B cell CFUs isolated from bone marrow
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice exhibit normal surfactant homeostasis in the lung
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice survive to adulthood
|
• mild
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mice show an increase in RII and RIV erythroid precursors compared to IL-22-sufficient Riok2-haploinsufficent mice on day 7 after treatments with phenylhydrazine
|
• mice exhibit increased numbers of peripheral blood red blood cells compared to IL-22-sufficient Riok2-haploinsufficent mice on day 7 after treatments with phenylhydrazine to induce acute hemolytic stress
|
• mice show alleviation of the stress-induced (via phenylhydrazine treatment) anemia seen in IL-22-sufficient Riok2-haploinsufficent mice
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• increased red blood cell counts
|
• high hematocrit
|
• mild thrombocytosis
|
• elevated reticulocyte counts
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
polycythemia vera | DOID:8997 |
OMIM:263300 |
J:220728 |
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• decreased numbers of mature erythrocytes
|
• decreased numbers of CD4+ T cells
|
• decreased numbers of CD8+ T cells
|
• elevated reticulocyte counts
|
• transferrin/transferrin receptor endocytic rate is decreased as compared to wild-type
|
• decreased numbers of CD4+ T cells
|
• decreased numbers of CD8+ T cells
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• decreased numbers of mature erythrocytes
|
• decreased numbers of CD4+ T cells
|
• decreased numbers of CD8+ T cells
|
• elevated reticulocyte counts
|
• high levels of serum erythropoietin
|
• transferrin/transferrin receptor endocytic rate is decreased as compared to wild-type
|
• decreased numbers of CD4+ T cells
|
• decreased numbers of CD8+ T cells
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• reduced cell size and granularity but not as much as in Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur/Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur Commd10Tg(Vav1-icre)A2Kio/Commd10+ mice
|
• although not as decreased in Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur/Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur Commd10Tg(Vav1-icre)A2Kio/Commd10+ mice
|
• reduced cell size and granularity but not as much as in Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur/Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur Commd10Tg(Vav1-icre)A2Kio/Commd10+ mice
|
• although not as decreased in Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur/Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur Commd10Tg(Vav1-icre)A2Kio/Commd10+ mice
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice are born at normal Mendelian ratios and appear healthy
|
N |
• mice have normal numbers of T (CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+) and B cells (CD19+B220+) in spleen
|
• mice show reduced expression of several NK cell surface receptors and a severe defect in NK cell maturation, with a 3-fold loss of CD27+CD11b+ in spleen and a 2-fold loss of CD27+CD11b+ in the bone marrow, indicating a partial block in maturation at the CD27+CD11b- stage
|
• mice show a 2-fold increase in the total number of immature CD27+CD11b- NK cells in the spleen and bone marrow
|
• mice exhibit reduced numbers of peripheral NK cells; the number of NK cells (Lin-CD122+DX5+) is decreased ~2-fold in spleen and 3-fold in liver
• however, NK cell number is normal in the bone marrow
|
• mice show a 2.6-fold decrease in the most mature CD27-CD11b+ NK cells in bone marrow, and a 4.9-fold reduction of CD27-CD11b+ cells in spleen
|
• mice exhibit reduced clearance of MHC class I-deficient tumors in vivo; 48 h after i.p. injection, recovery of RMA/s tumor cells is 7% versus 1% in control mice
• in an in vitro YAC-1 target lysis assay, splenic NK cells (DX5+) show ~60% of the cytotoxic activity seen in control mice across a range of E:T ratios
|
N |
• mice have normal numbers of T (CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+) and B cells (CD19+B220+) in spleen
|
• mice show reduced expression of several NK cell surface receptors and a severe defect in NK cell maturation, with a 3-fold loss of CD27+CD11b+ in spleen and a 2-fold loss of CD27+CD11b+ in the bone marrow, indicating a partial block in maturation at the CD27+CD11b- stage
|
• mice show a 2-fold increase in the total number of immature CD27+CD11b- NK cells in the spleen and bone marrow
|
• mice exhibit reduced numbers of peripheral NK cells; the number of NK cells (Lin-CD122+DX5+) is decreased ~2-fold in spleen and 3-fold in liver
• however, NK cell number is normal in the bone marrow
|
• mice show a 2.6-fold decrease in the most mature CD27-CD11b+ NK cells in bone marrow, and a 4.9-fold reduction of CD27-CD11b+ cells in spleen
|
• mice exhibit reduced clearance of MHC class I-deficient tumors in vivo; 48 h after i.p. injection, recovery of RMA/s tumor cells is 7% versus 1% in control mice
• in an in vitro YAC-1 target lysis assay, splenic NK cells (DX5+) show ~60% of the cytotoxic activity seen in control mice across a range of E:T ratios
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• V(D)J recombination in B and T cells is normal
|
• in a competitive reconstitution assay, cells fail to repopulate the B and T cell population as well as do wild type cells
|
• fewer cells undergo the switch from IgM to IgG1 or IgG3 compared to in wild type mice
• however, there is no increase in Igh chromosomal aberrations
|
• in the thymus
|
• the number of mature and re-circulating B cells is decreased compared to in wild-type mice
• however, the numbers of pro- and pre-B cells is normal
|
• in a competitive reconstitution assay, cells fail to repopulate the B and T cell population as well as do wild type cells
|
• fewer cells undergo the switch from IgM to IgG1 or IgG3 compared to in wild type mice
• however, there is no increase in Igh chromosomal aberrations
|
• in the thymus
|
• the number of mature and re-circulating B cells is decreased compared to in wild-type mice
• however, the numbers of pro- and pre-B cells is normal
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• exhibit normal blood cell counts, bone marrow composition, bone marrow and spleen cellularity, and reconstitution capacity
|
• 2-fold as in Kitltm2.2Sjm heterozygotes in the bone marrow
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• more splenic neutrophils
|
• more B cells
• normal number of T cells
|
• more splenic B cells
|
• in bone marrow
|
• by BMDMs after 8h stimulation with Pam3CSK4, R848 or LPS
|
• by BMDMs after 8h stimulation with Pam3CSK4, R848 or LPS
• by peritoneal neutrophils after 7h and 16h stimulation with Pam3CSK4, R848 or LPS
|
• by peritoneal neutrophils after 7h and 16h stimulation with Pam3CSK4, R848 or LPS
• by BMDMs after 8h stimulation with Pam3CSK4 or R848
• by BMDMs after 4h stimulation with LPS
• normal by BMDMs after 8h stimulation with LPS
|
• by BMDMs after 8h stimulation with Pam3CSK4 or R848
• by peritoneal neutrophils after 7h and 16h stimulation with Pam3CSK4, R848 or LPS
• by BMDMs after 4h stimulation with LPS
• normal by BMDMs after 8h stimulation with LPS
|
• more splenic neutrophils
|
• more B cells
• normal number of T cells
|
• more splenic B cells
|
• in bone marrow
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice are viable and fertile and show no significant differences in fetal liver weight and cellularity at E13.5 relative to controls, indicating normal hematopoietic colonization of the fetal liver
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• unlike null homozygotes, mice survive to adulthood
|
• at E14.5, mice exhibit blood-filled vessels unlike control mice
• at 8 weeks, dye injection confirms interconnection between lymphatic and blood vessels with rapid spread labeling unlike in control mice
|
• at 8 weeks, dye injection confirms interconnection between lymphatic and blood vessels with rapid spread labeling unlike in control mice
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• spleens appear dark and redder than controls
|
• spleens contain an increased number of mature, but not immature, Ter119+, CD71- red blood cells
|
• Ca2+ influx is not detectable in red blood cells under negative pressure stimulation in contrast to controls in which intracellular Ca2+ is increased
|
• red blood cells exhibit increased osmotic fragility
|
• Ca2+ influx is not detectable in red blood cells under negative pressure stimulation in contrast to controls in which intracellular Ca2+ is increased
|
• red blood cells are overhydrated, however, discoid morphology is normal
|
• decreased plasma haptoglobin concentration
|
• Ca2+ influx is not detectable in red blood cells under negative pressure stimulation in contrast to controls in which intracellular Ca2+ is increased
|
• spleens appear dark and redder than controls
|
• spleens contain an increased number of mature, but not immature, Ter119+, CD71- red blood cells
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• similar to the phenotype in mice carrying Tg(CMV-cre)1Cgn and Tg(Kit*D814V)3Roer
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mutant common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) engrafted into Rag1/Il2rg null recipients cause impaired differentiation of ILC1-ILC3s
• frequencies of alpha-lymphoid progenitors, common helper innate lymphoid cell progenitors (CHILPs), and innate lymphoid cell precursors (ILCPs) are reduced indicting that innate lymphoid cell (ILC) lineage commitment from the alpha4Beta7+ CLP stage is affected
• differentiation ability of alpha4Beta7+ CLPs in culture is suppressed
• however, cell rates of long-term HSCs, short-term HSCs, and multipotent progenitors are unaffected and frequencies of common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) and alpha4Beta7+ CLPs, myeloid progenitors, including common myeloid progenitors, granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, and megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors are normal
|
• decrease in group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) in small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and in the liver
• decrease in group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the small intestine lamina propria and lungs
• decrease in group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) is the small intestine lamina propria
• numbers of all innate lymphoid cell lineages are reduced
• numbers of ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s are decreased in small intestines of lethally irradiated CD45.1+ recipients transplanted with mutant CD45.2+ LSK cells
|
• IFN-gamma+ innate lymphoid cells are decreased in mesenteric lymph nodes of mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium
• total group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and IL-5 or IL-13 expressing ILC2s are reduced in the lungs upon intranasal administration of papain
• IL-22 producing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are decreased in small intestines of Citrobacter rodentium infected mice
|
• mutant common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) engrafted into Rag1/Il2rg null recipients cause impaired differentiation of ILC1-ILC3s
• frequencies of alpha-lymphoid progenitors, common helper innate lymphoid cell progenitors (CHILPs), and innate lymphoid cell precursors (ILCPs) are reduced indicting that innate lymphoid cell (ILC) lineage commitment from the alpha4Beta7+ CLP stage is affected
• differentiation ability of alpha4Beta7+ CLPs in culture is suppressed
• however, cell rates of long-term HSCs, short-term HSCs, and multipotent progenitors are unaffected and frequencies of common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) and alpha4Beta7+ CLPs, myeloid progenitors, including common myeloid progenitors, granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, and megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors are normal
|
• decrease in group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) in small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and in the liver
• decrease in group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the small intestine lamina propria and lungs
• decrease in group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) is the small intestine lamina propria
• numbers of all innate lymphoid cell lineages are reduced
• numbers of ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s are decreased in small intestines of lethally irradiated CD45.1+ recipients transplanted with mutant CD45.2+ LSK cells
|
• IFN-gamma+ innate lymphoid cells are decreased in mesenteric lymph nodes of mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium
• total group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and IL-5 or IL-13 expressing ILC2s are reduced in the lungs upon intranasal administration of papain
• IL-22 producing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are decreased in small intestines of Citrobacter rodentium infected mice
|
• numbers of intestinal lymphoid follicles are reduced
|
• numbers of Peyers patches are reduced
|
• group 1 innate lymphoid cells show impaired production of IFN-gamma in response to Salmonella typhimurium infection
|
• IL-22 secreted by ILC3s in lamina propria lymphocytes is reduced in Citrobacter rodentium infected mice
|
• concentration of IL-12 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is reduced when mice are administered papain
|
• concentration of IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is reduced when mice are administered papain
|
• leukocyte infiltration is reduced in lungs upon treatment with papain
• eosinophil infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs is reduced upon treatment with papain
|
• mice exhibit a higher number of Salmonella typhimurium CFUs in the mesenteric lymph nodes than controls
• mice exhibit increased susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium infection, showing increased bacterial CFUs in feces and spleen, accelerated weight loss, shortened colon length and persistent intestinal damage
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• reduced cell size and granularity but not as much as in Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur/Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur Commd10Tg(Vav1-icre)A2Kio/Commd10+ mice
|
• although not as decreased in Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur/Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur Commd10Tg(Vav1-icre)A2Kio/Commd10+ mice
|
• reduced cell size and granularity but not as much as in Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur/Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur Commd10Tg(Vav1-icre)A2Kio/Commd10+ mice
|
• although not as decreased in Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur/Rfx7tm1.1Ggaur Commd10Tg(Vav1-icre)A2Kio/Commd10+ mice
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• population of lymphoid cells in spleen is severely diminished
• total T cells are reduced 4.8-fold and 16.6-fold in spleen and blood, respectively
|
• only the alpha-beta T cells, not the gamma-delta T cells, are diminished in the spleen and blood
• the alpha-beta T cell percentage is reduced 6.23-fold and cell number is reduced 21-fold in the spleen
• similar reductions in alpha-beta T cells is seen in the thymus and bone marrow
|
• percentage of CD4+ T helper cells is reduced 25.71-fold in the spleen and 58.3-fold in the blood
|
• percentage of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells is reduced 13.73-fold in the spleen and 11.16-fold in the blood
|
• population of lymphoid cells in spleen is severely diminished
• total T cells are reduced 4.8-fold and 16.6-fold in spleen and blood, respectively
|
• only the alpha-beta T cells, not the gamma-delta T cells, are diminished in the spleen and blood
• the alpha-beta T cell percentage is reduced 6.23-fold and cell number is reduced 21-fold in the spleen
• similar reductions in alpha-beta T cells is seen in the thymus and bone marrow
|
• percentage of CD4+ T helper cells is reduced 25.71-fold in the spleen and 58.3-fold in the blood
|
• percentage of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells is reduced 13.73-fold in the spleen and 11.16-fold in the blood
|
• 14 days after tumor cell implantation, breast tumor cells metastasize to the lungs of mutant mice but not control mice
|
• mice implanted with a syngeneic tumor cell line E0771 in the 4th mammary foot pad show a faster rate of tumor growth and grow larger than in control mice implanted with tumor cells
• twice as many myeloid derived suppressor cells are present in the tumor microenvironment compared to controls
• fewer lymphoid cells are recruited to the tumor microenvironment compared to controls, with reduced CD3+CD19- T cell population due to reduced numbers of CD3+CD19-gamma-deltaTCR- alpha-beta T cells
• the tumor microenvironment shows a reduction in both CD4+ T helper cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell populations compared to controls
|
• mice implanted with a syngeneic tumor cell line E0771 in the 4th mammary foot pad show a faster rate of tumor growth than in control mice implanted with tumor cells
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mice start to die around 24 weeks of age
• renal failure is cause of death
|
• autoimmune destruction of the salivary gland
|
• saliva production is decreased by 4 weeks of age in females and decreased in both males and females by 8 weeks of age; saliva production reaches the lowest level at around 8 weeks
|
• immune cell infiltration and destruction of the salivary gland is seen at 4 weeks of age and continues even after 8 weeks of age; magnitude of immune cell infiltration progressively increases with age
• CD4+ T cells are the major cell infiltrates at 4 weeks, however CD8+ T cells and CD4+CD8+ cells are present
• number of B cells gradually increase and dominate in older mice
|
• immune cell infiltration is seen in the pancreas, however impaired glucose tolerance is not seen
|
• immune cell infiltration and destruction of the salivary gland is seen at 4 weeks of age and continues even after 8 weeks of age; magnitude of immune cell infiltration progressively increases with age
• CD4+ T cells are the major cell infiltrates at 4 weeks, however CD8+ T cells and CD4+CD8+ cells are present
• number of B cells gradually increase and dominate in older mice
|
• immune cell infiltration is seen in the pancreas, however impaired glucose tolerance is not seen
|
• splenic Foxp3+CD25+ Treg cells are absent in mice from birth until 1 week of age, however no difference in the number of Treg cells is seen after 2 weeks of age
|
• mice develop Sjogren's syndrome by 4 weeks of age, with females being more susceptible and presenting earlier onset of the disease than males
• mice show T cell-dominant immune cell infiltration in the salivary glands at 4 weeks and a gradual increase in the frequency of B cells, and an increase in anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies around 8 weeks of age
• transfer or T cells from mutant cervical lymph nodes, but not spleen, is sufficient to induce the development of Sjogren's syndrome in RAG2 null mice
• 3-day-old mice transferred with Treg cells derived from mature wild-type spleen show improved xerostomia, although saliva production is still reduced, a lesser degree of lymphocyte infiltration into salivary glands is seen and mice are protected against development of Sjogren's syndrome
• mice develop lupus nephritis
|
• presence of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies which are higher than in wild-type mice at 10 and 7 weeks of age, respectively
|
• ANA are detected at high levels after 15 weeks of age
|
• mice develop lupus nephritis after failure of salivary gland function
|
• autoimmune destruction of the salivary gland
|
• saliva production is decreased by 4 weeks of age in females and decreased in both males and females by 8 weeks of age; saliva production reaches the lowest level at around 8 weeks
|
• immune cell infiltration and destruction of the salivary gland is seen at 4 weeks of age and continues even after 8 weeks of age; magnitude of immune cell infiltration progressively increases with age
• CD4+ T cells are the major cell infiltrates at 4 weeks, however CD8+ T cells and CD4+CD8+ cells are present
• number of B cells gradually increase and dominate in older mice
|
• splenic Foxp3+CD25+ Treg cells are absent in mice from birth until 1 week of age, however no difference in the number of Treg cells is seen after 2 weeks of age
|
• saliva production is decreased by 4 weeks of age in females and decreased in both males and females by 8 weeks of age; saliva production reaches the lowest level at around 8 weeks
|
• some mice exhibit proteinuria after 15 weeks of age
|
• some mice exhibit proteinuria after 15 weeks of age
|
• mice develop lupus nephritis after failure of salivary gland function
|
• IgM and IgG deposition, most likely a part of immune complexes, is seen around the glomerulus in the kidneys at 15 weeks of age
• a component of complement C3 is present in association with Ig deposition, suggestions that kidney lesions resembling lupus nephritis develop in aged mice
• no kidney lesions are seen at 4-5 weeks of age
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
Sjogren's syndrome | DOID:12894 |
OMIM:270150 |
J:252606 |
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice exhibit normal development of innate lymphoid cell progenitors
|
• reduced absolute numbers of ILC3 cells
• however, ILC1 and ILC2s numbers are normal
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• granulocytes, T cells, macrophage conventional dendritic cells and dendritic cell progenitors not affected in spleen and bone marrow
|
• 10- to 50-fold reduction in bone marrow at 6 weeks of age
• also reduced in the spleen but not as severely as in the bone marrow
|
• 10- to 50-fold reduction in bone marrow at 6 weeks of age
• proportionate to the loss of plasmacytoid dendritic cell in bone marrow and spleen
|
• about a 2-fold decrease in the bone marrow
|
• 10- to 50-fold reduction in bone marrow at 6 weeks of age
• also reduced in the spleen but not as severely as in the bone marrow
|
• 10- to 50-fold reduction in bone marrow at 6 weeks of age
• proportionate to the loss of plasmacytoid dendritic cell in bone marrow and spleen
|
• following infection with human HSV strain 17
|
• following infection with human HSV strain 17
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• colony assays of progenitors show extramedullary hematopoiesis with markedly increased erythroid and myeloid progenitor numbers in spleen
|
• bones are pale at 20 weeks of age, suggesting decreased erythropoiesis
• erythroid TER-119+ cells are reduced in the bone marrow but a compensatory increase is seen in the spleen at 20 weeks of age
|
• myeloid cells are the predominant cell population in the bone marrow and are increased in the spleen at 20 weeks of age
|
• liver shows extramedullary hematopoiesis at 20 weeks of age with highly atypical megakaryocytes, but islands with myelopoeisis and erythropoiesis are also seen
• colony assays of progenitors show extramedullary hematopoiesis with markedly increased erythroid and myeloid progenitor numbers in spleen
• hematopoietic cells, including megakaryocytes are seen in the lung at 20 weeks of age
|
• bone marrow shows hypercellularity with trilineage hyperplasia at 20 weeks of age
|
• increase in numbers of megakaryocytes in the spleen and bone marrow at 20 weeks of age, most with morphological abnormalities such as hyperchromatic, hyperlobulated nuclei, and bizarre nuclear configuration, and often forming clusters
|
• colony assays of progenitors show extramedullary hematopoiesis with markedly increased erythroid and myeloid progenitor numbers in spleen
|
• collagen-based culture indicates a small increase in CFU-MK in bone marrow and a massive expansion of CFU-MK in the spleen
|
• slight decrease in hemoglobin at 20 weeks of age but is normal at 10 weeks of age
|
• slight increase in neutrophils at 10 and 20 weeks of age
|
• thrombocytosis is seen at 10 weeks of age, with a massive increase in platelets at 20 weeks of age
|
• the relative amount of B and T cells in the spleen and bone marrow is reduced at 20 weeks of age
|
• the relative amount of B and T cells in the spleen and bone marrow is reduced at 20 weeks of age
|
• destruction of normal splenic architecture by atypical hematopoiesis is seen in some sections of the spleen at 20 weeks of age
|
• seen at 20 weeks of age
|
• myeloid cells are the predominant cell population in the bone marrow and are increased in the spleen at 20 weeks of age
|
• slight increase in neutrophils at 10 and 20 weeks of age
|
• the relative amount of B and T cells in the spleen and bone marrow is reduced at 20 weeks of age
|
• the relative amount of B and T cells in the spleen and bone marrow is reduced at 20 weeks of age
|
• destruction of normal splenic architecture by atypical hematopoiesis is seen in some sections of the spleen at 20 weeks of age
|
• seen at 20 weeks of age
|
• dilated sinusoids with intrasinusoidal hematopoiesis are seen in the bone marrow at 20 weeks of age
• myeloid cells are the predominant cell population in the bone marrow
|
• presence of myelofibrosis at 20 weeks of age
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
essential thrombocythemia | DOID:2224 |
OMIM:187950 OMIM:601977 OMIM:614521 |
J:134364 |
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice exhibit normal behavior
|
N |
• mice exhibit normal body weight
|
N |
• mice produce normal levels of proinflammatory cytokines when provoked with inflammasome-activating stimuli
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• normal cellularity and hematopoietic stem cell frequency
• bone marrow/spleen lineage composition is normal
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice exhibit normal hematopoietical parameters in peripheral blood and normal bone marrow cell numbers
|
• increase in common lymphocyte progenitor cells in the bone marrow and spleen
|
• increase in megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors in the spleen
|
• increase in LSK and lineage-restricted progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen
• increase in LK in the spleen
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• similar to the phenotype in mice carrying Tg(CMV-cre)1Cgn and Tg(Kit*D814V)1Roer
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice exhibit normal T cell development and autoimmunity
|
• 1.5-fold but not as severe as in Rc3h1san homozygotes
|
• 1.5-fold
|
• 1.5-fold
|
• in the bone marrow
|
• in the spleen
|
• immature and re-circulating B cells
|
• in the spleen
|
• in the spleen
|
• increased numbers in the spleen
|
• some are disrupted
|
• 1.5-fold
|
• mice exhibit increased spontaneous germinal center formation compared with control mice
|
• 1.5-fold but not as severe as in Rc3h1san homozygotes
|
• 1.5-fold
|
• 1.5-fold
|
• in the bone marrow
|
• in the spleen
|
• immature and re-circulating B cells
|
• in the spleen
|
• in the spleen
|
• increased numbers in the spleen
|
• some are disrupted
|
• 1.5-fold
|
• mice exhibit increased spontaneous germinal center formation compared with control mice
|
• 1.5-fold but not as severe as in Rc3h1san homozygotes
|
• 1.5-fold
|
• 1.5-fold
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• bone marrow cells from pIpC-treated mice fail to form fewer colonies in culture compared with control cell
|
• modest reduction in pIpC-treated mice
|
• in the bone marrow cells from pIpC-treated mice with an increase in the percentage of LK cells, decrease in LSK cells and increased proportion of short-term SLAM+ cells
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice exhibit normal normal hematopoietic cell development, primary antibody responses to hapten-protein antigens, and secondary B cell responses
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• reduced histone H3K23 acetylation in thymus and spleen extracts
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice show an improvement in peripheral blood red blood cell numbers and hematocrit levels, and an increase in RIII and RIV erythroid precursors in the bone marrow compared to Il22ra1-sufficient Riok2-haploinsufficent mice
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• neutrophils show reduced numbers of primary and secondary granules
• neutrophils show alterations in the glycosylation of proteins involved in cell adhesion and cytotoxicity
• however, mice exhibit normal numbers of neutrophils in the bone marrow, secondary lymphoid organs and blood
|
• neutrophils, but not macrophages and dendritic cells, exhibit impaired killing of Candida albicans
• neutrophils show decreased ability to release myeloperoxidase when challenged in vitro with Candida albicans
|
• in vitro assays show a migratory defect in neutrophils in response to the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP)
|
• recruitment of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity following Candida albicans injection into the peritoneal cavity is reduced and mice show decreased recruitment of neutrophils to the kidney and lung 24 hours following systemic infection with Candida albicans, indicating that neutrophils cannot effectively migrate to the site of infection
|
• mice are unable to mount an efficient neutrophil-dependent immune response to the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, showing increased weight loss, massively increased fungal burdens, severe multifocal tubulointerstitial nephritis, splenitis with expanded white pulp, diffuse inflammatory infiltrations into the liver and lungs, and decreased TNF-alpha levels in the serum and intraperitonal lavage and succumb earlier to Candida albicans infection
• treatment with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) protects mutants from weight loss, rescues the neutrophil recruitment defects and increases survival after Candida albicans challenge
|
• in vitro assays show a migratory defect in neutrophils in response to the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP)
|
• neutrophils show reduced numbers of primary and secondary granules
• neutrophils show alterations in the glycosylation of proteins involved in cell adhesion and cytotoxicity
• however, mice exhibit normal numbers of neutrophils in the bone marrow, secondary lymphoid organs and blood
|
• neutrophils, but not macrophages and dendritic cells, exhibit impaired killing of Candida albicans
• neutrophils show decreased ability to release myeloperoxidase when challenged in vitro with Candida albicans
|
• in vitro assays show a migratory defect in neutrophils in response to the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP)
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• recruitment of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity following Candida albicans injection into the peritoneal cavity is reduced and mice show decreased recruitment of neutrophils to the kidney and lung 24 hours following systemic infection with Candida albicans, indicating that neutrophils cannot effectively migrate to the site of infection
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• 8-12 week of mice exposed to acute hemolytic stress induced by phenylhydrazine treatment succumb faster to a lethal dose of phenylhydrazine than controls
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• mice exhibit impaired erythropoiesis in the bone marrow
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• mice over 60 weeks of age exhibit anemia
• 8-12 week of mice exposed to acute hemolytic stress (induced by nonlethal phenylhydrazine treatment) develop more severe anemia and have a delayed red blood cell recovery response compared to controls and succumb faster to a lethal dose of phenylhydrazine
• wild-type mice transplanted with mutant whole bone marrow develop anemia
• treatment of mice with a neutralizing IL-22 antibody reverses phenylhydrazine-induced anemia
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• the percentage of proliferating granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in the bone marrow is increased
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• anemia in young phenylhydrazine-administered mice seen on day 7 is preceded by a reduction in bone marrow RIII and RIV erythroid precursor frequency on day 6, indicating an erythroid differentiation defect
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• aged mice exhibit reduced peripheral blood red blood cell numbers
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• in aged mice
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• in aged mice
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• mice exhibit a decreased percentage of neutrophils (neutropenia)
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• aged mice show increased numbers of natural killer T cells
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• mice exhibit an increased percentage of monocytes (monocytosis)
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• LSK (lineage-Sca-1+Kit+) cells from the bone marrow supplemented with growth factors give rise to an increased percentage of CD11b+ myeloid cells, indicating a cell-intrinsic myeloproliferative effect
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• frequency and numbers of early hematopoietic progenitors are normal in young mice, however long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) are increased in the bone marrow of aged mice
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• aged mice show increased numbers of splenic IL-22+CD4+T cells
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• mice exhibit an increase in apoptosis of erythroid precursors
• erythroid precursors show a decrease in cell quiescence with cell cycle block at the G1 phase
• treatment of mice with a neutralizing IL-22 antibody reduces the frequency of apoptotic erythroid precursors
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• TH22 cells secrete elevated concentrations of IL-22
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• bone marrow cells show reduced nascent protein synthesis in vivo
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• the concentration of IL-22 in the serum and bone marrow fluid of aged mice is higher than in controls
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• 8-12 week of mice exposed to acute hemolytic stress induced by phenylhydrazine treatment succumb faster to a lethal dose of phenylhydrazine than controls
|
• 8-12 week of mice exposed to acute hemolytic stress induced by nonlethal phenylhydrazine treatment develop more severe anemia and have a delayed red blood cell recovery response compared to controls
• treatment of mice with a neutralizing IL-22 antibody reverses phenylhydrazine-induced anemia
|
• TH22 cells secrete elevated concentrations of IL-22
|
• the concentration of IL-22 in the serum and bone marrow fluid of aged mice is higher than in controls
|
• aged mice show increased numbers of innate lymphoid cells
|
• mice exhibit a decreased percentage of neutrophils (neutropenia)
|
• aged mice show increased numbers of natural killer T cells
|
• mice exhibit an increased percentage of monocytes (monocytosis)
|
• aged mice show increased numbers of splenic IL-22+CD4+T cells
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• naive T cells polarized toward the TH22 cell lineage show an increase in IL-22 secretion
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|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• no homozygous mice are recovered
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• following corneal inoculation of HSV1, corneas have lower viral titers as compared to controls
• myeloid cell infiltration into the cornea 14 days post HSV1 infection is reduced as compared to controls
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• following corneal inoculation of HSV1, corneal reflexes (as measured by corneal touch threshold) are largely retained in contrast to infected controls
|
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|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• increase in peripheral blood cell numbers
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• increase in hematopoietic stem cell frequencies
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• reduction in most myeloid progenitors
• numbers of myeloid subsets CD11b+Gr1- and CD11b-Gr1+ are reduced in blood and decrease further over time
|
• overall bone marrow cell count is reduced
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• common lymphoid progenitors (Lin-Flt3HighIL7RaHighSca-1Lowc-KitLow) are reduced in mutants
• numbers of CCR9+ lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors are reduced in the bone marrow of mutants
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• mutant LSK (Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+) cells accumulate mitochondria, mitochondrial superoxide, and DNA damage and exhibit increased levels of apoptosis and proliferation
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• numbers of hematopoietic stem cells are reduced in all mutants, regardless of disease progression
• absolute numbers of LSK (Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+) cells significantly increased in asymptomatic 7 week old mutants, however as they develop symptoms, the frequency of LSK cells falls to wild-type levels
• the Lin-Sca-1-c-Kit+ (LK) compartment, containing more mature hematopoietic progenitors, is decreased
|
• numbers of CD11b+Gr1+ cells are increased in the blood at 5 and 6 weeks of age but then decrease to below wild-type levels at 8 weeks of age
• CD11b+Gr1+ cells in the spleen and bone marrow are increased and show higher proliferation rates
• mutants exhibit presence of atypical myeloid infiltrates in a wide range of organs
|
• mutants are cytopenic for all blood leukocyte populations except for CD11b+Gr1+ cells
|
• absolute cell counts of B cells are decreased in the peripheral blood of mutants and numbers drop steadily over time
|
• immature NK cells (Lin-CD3-CD122+NK1.1+DX5+) are depleted in the bone marrow
• absolute cell counts of NK cells are decreased in the peripheral blood of mutants and numbers drop steadily over time
|
• absolute cell counts of T cells are decreased in the peripheral blood of mutants and numbers drop steadily over time
|
• adult bone marrow cells from mutants transplanted together with CD45.1+ wild-type bone marrow cells into lethally irradiated wild-type hosts fail to contribute to reconstitution of cells in the hosts while in noncompetitive reconstitution experiments, lethally irradiated mice die within 4 weeks after transplantation with mutant bone marrow cells, indicating loss of hematopoietic stem cell activity
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• numbers of CD11b+Gr1+ cells are increased in the blood at 5 and 6 weeks of age but then decrease to below wild-type levels at 8 weeks of age
• CD11b+Gr1+ cells in the spleen and bone marrow are increased and show higher proliferation rates
• mutants exhibit presence of atypical myeloid infiltrates in a wide range of organs
|
• mutants are cytopenic for all blood leukocyte populations except for CD11b+Gr1+ cells
|
• absolute cell counts of B cells are decreased in the peripheral blood of mutants and numbers drop steadily over time
|
• immature NK cells (Lin-CD3-CD122+NK1.1+DX5+) are depleted in the bone marrow
• absolute cell counts of NK cells are decreased in the peripheral blood of mutants and numbers drop steadily over time
|
• absolute cell counts of T cells are decreased in the peripheral blood of mutants and numbers drop steadily over time
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
myelodysplastic syndrome | DOID:0050908 |
OMIM:614286 |
J:176843 |
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• fewer than expected mice are observed at P10
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• disturbed hematopoietic development in adult hematopoietic progenitor cells
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• reduced total number of colony forming units from bone marrow cells
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• in bone marrow cells
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• in bone marrow cells
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|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• naive T cells polarized toward the TH22 cell lineage show a decrease in IL-22 secretion
|
|
|
♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mice show an increase in peripheral red blood cells after treatment with phenylhydrazine to induce acute hemolytic stress
|
• mice show an increase in peripheral red blood cells after treatment with phenylhydrazine to induce acute hemolytic stress
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Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB)), Gene Ontology (GO) |
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last database update 11/05/2024 MGI 6.24 |
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