skeleton
• mutants have decreased numbers of osteoclasts per bone surface compared to wild-type
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• males have increased cortical thickness at 3 months compared to wild-type males
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• at 1 and 3 months of age, males have significantly increased bone mineral content (BMC) compared to male wild-type, as seen in femora of males
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• at 1 and 3 months of age, males have significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD) compared to male wild-type, as seen in femora of males
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• markedly higher trabecular bone volume in the proximal femur at 3 months
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• decreased trabecular spacing
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• male mutants have increased trabecular thickness
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• increased bone mass is observed in males and females starting at 4 weeks of age
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• bone resorption is defective in ovariectomized (OVX) mutants; OVX mutants are resistant to bone loss unlike OVX wild-type mice
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• biomechanical bone strength and flexibility is increased in 3-month old mice compared to wild-type
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limbs/digits/tail
• males have increased cortical thickness at 3 months compared to wild-type males
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homeostasis/metabolism
• mutants exhibit significantly lower serum IL-6 levels at 3 months of age, but not 1 month, compared to wild-type
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immune system
• mutants have decreased numbers of osteoclasts per bone surface compared to wild-type
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• mutants exhibit significantly lower serum IL-6 levels at 3 months of age, but not 1 month, compared to wild-type
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hematopoietic system
• mutants have decreased numbers of osteoclasts per bone surface compared to wild-type
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