mortality/aging
cardiovascular system
• massive enlargement and dilation of all four cardiac chambers
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• ventricles show mild to moderate cellular edema with little or no myocyte loss
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• spontaneous cardiac decompensation is seen in 3 of 6 double mutants
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respiratory system
• lung/body weight ratio averages 40% more than in controls
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• large bilateral pleural effusions
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• 3 of 6 double mutants develop severe respiratory distress between 11 and 14 weeks of age
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muscle
homeostasis/metabolism
• large bilateral pleural effusions
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growth/size/body
• massive enlargement and dilation of all four cardiac chambers
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• lung/body weight ratio averages 40% more than in controls
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