mortality/aging
• 63% die within the first 24 hours after birth
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behavior/neurological
respiratory system
• lungs are abnormal as early as E15.5
• lungs are frequently dark red at autopsy
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• developmental delay of 0.5-1 day
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• lungs exhibit increased cellularity of the mesenchyme, resulting in a reduction of the size of terminal air spaces
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• reduction in the number of alveolar septa
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• neonatal alveolar septa are thicker than normal
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• bronchioles are of an irregular cross section
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• papillary hyperplasia throughout the entire bronchial tree
• focal dysplasia that is characterized by increased epithelial cell layers, large pleomorphic nuclei, and reduced cytoplasm
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• mutants surviving the first 24 hours after birth develop bronchial epithelial hyperplasia
• of the mice surviving beyond the first 24 hours after birth, 15 of 22 show signs of morbidity at ages from 3 weeks to 13 months
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