mortality/aging
• 75% of embryos survive until birth but die immediately at or within a few hours after birth
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• 25% of embryos are arrested at midgestation, around E13, while the rest develop to term
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growth/size/body
• right isomerism of the heart and lungs
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• both atria of heart resembles the right atrium
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• both the left and right lungs of mutants have four lobes
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cardiovascular system
• reversed position of the great arteries
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• random orientation of the heart apex to the left, right, or middle
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• both atria of heart resembles the right atrium
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embryo
• internal organs exhibit right-sided isomerism
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• approximately 25% of homozygotes arrest at midgestation, around E13
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hematopoietic system
• mutants exhibit several punctate spleens or one small spleen
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immune system
• mutants exhibit several punctate spleens or one small spleen
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liver/biliary system
• abnormal liver lobation, including clefts in the medial lobes
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respiratory system
• both the left and right lungs of mutants have four lobes
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digestive/alimentary system
• random rotation of the stomach
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• disorganization of gut coiling
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