Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• mice exhibiting growth retardation and other complications die at approximately 1 month of age
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• 12.5% of mutants die on the day of birth
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nervous system
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• some sick mutants have subarachnoid hemorrhage
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growth/size/body
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• 10-20% smaller at birth
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• evident shortly after birth in approximately 50% of the offspring
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immune system
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• increase in thymocyte apoptosis
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• more than half of mutants show poor development of the thymus
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• bone marrow shows reduction of pro-B, pre-B and immature B cells, with retention of mature B cells, suggesting that expansion of progenitor B cells is impaired
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• in the bone marrow
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• in the bone marrow
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• percentage of granulocytes is increased
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• increase in percentage of CD4- and CD8-single-positive cells
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• numbers of thymocytes are decreased by 2-4-fold at birth
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• decrease in the percentage of double-positive cells
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• in the bone marrow
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• percentage of monocytes is increased
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• more than half of mutants show poor development of the spleen
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• white pulp areas are decreased in spleen
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• numbers of splenocytes are decreased by 2-8-fold at birth
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skeleton
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• very thin cranial bones
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• short and thin limb bones
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• partial disappearance of intervertebral disks with calcification in kinky tails
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• bone densities of lumbar vertebrae in mutants with severe dwarfism at 32 days of age are nearly half those of wild-type
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• bone densities of femurs in mutants with severe dwarfism at 32 days of age are nearly half those of wild-type
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• retarded skeletogenesis
• growth of femoral trabecular and cortical bones is delayed at 17 and 32 days of age
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• distal metaphyseal cartilaginous growth plates in the femurs show enlarged resting zones with thin proliferating and hypertrophic zones of chondrocytes
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• thin proliferating zone in femurs
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• reduced intramembranous ossification
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hematopoietic system
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• increase in thymocyte apoptosis
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• more than half of mutants show poor development of the thymus
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• bone marrow shows reduction of pro-B, pre-B and immature B cells, with retention of mature B cells, suggesting that expansion of progenitor B cells is impaired
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• in the bone marrow
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• in the bone marrow
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• percentage of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells is increased in the bone marrow, indicating enrichment of mature granulocytes
• clonal culture assay of bone marrow cells shows that formation of GM colonies, megakaryocyte colonies, erythroid bursts, erythrocyte-Meg colonies and mixed hematopoietic colonies is reduced
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• mild decrease in erythrocytes
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• percentage of granulocytes is increased
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• moderate reduction in platelets
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• increase in percentage of CD4- and CD8-single-positive cells
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• numbers of thymocytes are decreased by 2-4-fold at birth
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• decrease in the percentage of double-positive cells
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• in the bone marrow
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• percentage of monocytes is increased
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• more than half of mutants show poor development of the spleen
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• white pulp areas are decreased in spleen
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• numbers of splenocytes are decreased by 2-8-fold at birth
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behavior/neurological
abnormal gait
(
J:82738
)
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• some sick mutants exhibit uncoordinated gait
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cardiovascular system
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• some sick mutants have intra-abdominal hemorrhage
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• some sick mutants have subarachnoid hemorrhage
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limbs/digits/tail
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• short and thin limb bones
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kinked tail
(
J:82738
)
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• half of mutants have kinked tails, observed as early as P4
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respiratory system
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• some sick mutants have pulmonary fibrosis
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vision/eye
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• some sick mutants have closed eyes even at 3 weeks of age
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craniofacial
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• very thin cranial bones
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renal/urinary system
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• poor development of the kidneys, with small and immature glomeruli
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cellular
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• increase in thymocyte apoptosis
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• increase in thymocyte apoptosis
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• more than half of mutants show poor development of the thymus
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• numbers of thymocytes are decreased by 2-4-fold at birth
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