mortality/aging
• by weaning, only about 27% of expected numbers are still alive
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• only about 71% of expected numbers of homozygotes are still alive at E11.5
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growth/size/body
• smaller than controls during suckling period although normal in size from E11.5 to birth
• after 6 weeks of age, weight gain is normal and mice attain normal size
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• 2-3 days before death, mice begin to display a wasted phenotype, appear malnourished, lethargic, watery diarrhea
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behavior/neurological
digestive/alimentary system
• reduced numbers of goblet cells producing sialomucin
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• intestinal endothelium fails to transform from pseudostratified to columnar by E17.5
• formation of villi is delayed and those present are misshapen
• connective tissue under the lamina propria of the villi is disorganized
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• absorptive enterocytes are morphologically abnormal
• tightly packed with apical cytoplasmic snouts
• microvilli are short
• increased numbers of mitochondria and ribosomes
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cellular
• reduced numbers of goblet cells producing sialomucin
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