mortality/aging
• most homozygous mutant mice fail to nurse, grow weak, and die within the first 24 hours after birth
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cardiovascular system
• loosely packed, disorganized cardiac myofibrils; myofibrils of the skeletal muscle are less severely affected
• skeletal muscle cell differentiation and T-tubule formation appear normal
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• more densely packed myocardiocytes
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• the heart is markedly increased in thickness, resulting in occlusion of both ventricular chambers
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• hypertrophy and disarray of ventricular cardiomyocytes
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muscle
• loosely packed, disorganized cardiac myofibrils; myofibrils of the skeletal muscle are less severely affected
• skeletal muscle cell differentiation and T-tubule formation appear normal
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• more densely packed myocardiocytes
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• hypertrophy and disarray of ventricular cardiomyocytes
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• sarcomeric structures appear disrupted
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• no apparent A bands
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• diffuse Z lines
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behavior/neurological
• moribund pups are unable to nurse
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cellular
N |
• no abnormalities are observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts with respect to endocytosis, actin cytoskeletal organization, or serum deprival-induced apoptosis
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immune system
N |
• macrophages from homozygous mutant mice display normal phagocytic uptake
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