mortality/aging
• most homozygotes died before birth but after E14.5
• between E16.5 and E18.5 surviving homozygotes were small, pale, and moribund
• by E18.5 homozygotes represented only 5% of living embryos
• only 4 out of 1323 offspring born were homozygotes
|
cardiovascular system
• reduced numbers of myocytes with abnormal morphology
|
• in about 50% of embryos between E14.5 and E18.5, the myocardial wall of the heart ventricles fail to thicken in the region of the compact zone
|
• trabiculae reduced in mass
|
• thin, poorly cohesive muscular ventricular septum, which in severely affected embryos was accompanied by a ventricular septal defect
|
• seen in severely affected embryos
|
• the percentage of proliferating myocytes within the ventricular wall, as indexed by PCNA immunostaining, was significantly reduced at E14.5
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hematopoietic system
• bifurcated spleen in the female homozygote
|
• the single surviving female mouse exhibited slightly reduced white pulp compared to age matched heterozygotes
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immune system
• bifurcated spleen in the female homozygote
|
• the single surviving female mouse exhibited slightly reduced white pulp compared to age matched heterozygotes
|
limbs/digits/tail
• missing third trochanter
|
liver/biliary system
• foci of apoptotic cell death observed between E13.5 and E14.5; thereafter, severe liver degeneration, hemorrhaging and loss of ultrastructure were noted
• no cell adhesion defect noted
|
muscle
• reduced numbers of myocytes with abnormal morphology
|
• in about 50% of embryos between E14.5 and E18.5, the myocardial wall of the heart ventricles fail to thicken in the region of the compact zone
|
• trabiculae reduced in mass
|
• the percentage of proliferating myocytes within the ventricular wall, as indexed by PCNA immunostaining, was significantly reduced at E14.5
|
reproductive system
• homozygotes that survived past birth were poorly fertile but otherwise normal
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skeleton
• missing third trochanter
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rib fusion
(
J:83727
)
• generalized reduction in size and ossification throughout the skeleton in about 50% of homozygotes
|
cellular
• the percentage of proliferating myocytes within the ventricular wall, as indexed by PCNA immunostaining, was significantly reduced at E14.5
|