adipose tissue
• abdominal fat is reduced by about 30%
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• beta cell number is reduced, not individual cell size, beta cell proliferation is reduced
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• islets are reduced in size and beta cell area is reduced by 30%
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growth/size/body
• both body size and weight are reduced to about 70% of wild-type
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homeostasis/metabolism
• insulin levels are reduced by about 30% (detectable by 6 weeks of age)
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• glucose intolerant; glucose tolerance tests demonstrated that there is a dampened glucose stimulated release of insulin early (15 min) but glucose levels return to normal by 120 minutes
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• basal lipolysis levels in adipose tissues are 2X normal
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