digestive/alimentary system
• impaired saturable intestinal uptake of retinol
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homeostasis/metabolism
• impaired saturable intestinal uptake of retinol
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• 40% reduction in hepatic retinol levels and normal serum retinol levels in mice fed a retinol-enriched diet
• when dietary retinol is limiting, females exhibit inadequate transport of retinol to the fetus resulting in increased neonatal mortality
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cellular
• homozygous females bred to homozygous males and fed a vitamin A-deficient diet beginning on day 10 of pregnancy, show 100% mortality of pups within 24 hours and the E18 fetuses have 40% reduced levels of unesterified retinol in lungs
• heterozygous pups born to homozygous dams that were fed a vitamin A-deficient diet beginning on day 10 or pregnancy, exhibit increased neonatal mortality, appear cyanotic and less active at birth, have an enlarged right atrium engorged with blood, and exhibit hemorrhage and decreased air space in the lungs
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