immune system
• impaired germinal center formation
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• impaired interaction between T and B cells
• while normal repsonses are mounted against both type I and type II T-cell-independent antigens, the response to T-cell-dependent antigen is attenuated and mutants fail to mount a secondary immune response to the same antigen
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• reduced basal serum levels of heavy chain class-switched antibodies
• the levels could not be elevated with repeated immunizations
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• isolated CD4+ T cells of KLH/CFA-immunized mutants that were restimulated in vitro with KLH produce much more IFN-gamma than wild-type
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• isolated CD4+ T cells of KLH/CFA-immunized mutants that were restimulated in vitro with KLH secrete very little IL-10 compared to wild-type
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• isolated CD4+ T cells of KLH/CFA-immunized mutants that were restimulated in vitro with KLH secrete very little IL-4 compared to wild-type
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hematopoietic system
• impaired germinal center formation
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