mortality/aging
• homozygous embryos die at E9.5-E11.5
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cardiovascular system
• homozygotes exhibit randomized heart looping
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• a ballooning of the pericardial sac and blood accumulations were found at various stages
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embryo
• axial rotation was not completed or in some cases was not initiated
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• at E9.5, homozygous embryos are 50% smaller than littermates and remain smaller until death
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• cells of the notochord appear separated, do not form a compact structure and exhibit signs of apoptosis
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• at E9.5, only 10-12 somite pairs have formed; these degenerate and by E10.5 no recognizable somites remain
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growth/size/body
• at E9.5, homozygous embryos are 50% smaller than littermates and remain smaller until death
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nervous system
homeostasis/metabolism
• a ballooning of the pericardial sac and blood accumulations were found at various stages
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