endocrine/exocrine glands
• reduction in both ductal sidebranching and development of alveolar lobules during pregnancy, seen as early as 7.5 days of pregnancy
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• mammary glands supplemented for 21 days with pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone exhibit a 30% decrease in proliferation of the ductal epithelium
• mammary glands supplemented for 21 days with pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone exhibit an increase in apoptosis in the alveolar epithelium
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• reduction in the ductal sidebranching during pregnancy
• mammary glands from ovariectomized mutants supplemented for 21 days with pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone display a decrease in ductal sidebranching
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• reduction in the development of alveolar lobules during pregnancy
• at day 1 of lactation, glands show lower density of alveolar lobules than wild-type glands, however they do not appear underdeveloped
• mammary glands from ovariectomized mutants supplemented for 21 days with pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone display a decrease in lobuloalveolar development
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• even though females are able to lactate, offspring of homozygous mothers are growth retarded independent of their genotype, indicating lactational defects
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reproductive system
N |
• in contrast to female mice lacking isoform A, female mice ovulate normally and are fertile
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• reduction in both ductal sidebranching and development of alveolar lobules during pregnancy, seen as early as 7.5 days of pregnancy
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integument
• reduction in both ductal sidebranching and development of alveolar lobules during pregnancy, seen as early as 7.5 days of pregnancy
|
• mammary glands supplemented for 21 days with pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone exhibit a 30% decrease in proliferation of the ductal epithelium
• mammary glands supplemented for 21 days with pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone exhibit an increase in apoptosis in the alveolar epithelium
|
• reduction in the ductal sidebranching during pregnancy
• mammary glands from ovariectomized mutants supplemented for 21 days with pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone display a decrease in ductal sidebranching
|
• reduction in the development of alveolar lobules during pregnancy
• at day 1 of lactation, glands show lower density of alveolar lobules than wild-type glands, however they do not appear underdeveloped
• mammary glands from ovariectomized mutants supplemented for 21 days with pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone display a decrease in lobuloalveolar development
|
• even though females are able to lactate, offspring of homozygous mothers are growth retarded independent of their genotype, indicating lactational defects
|