embryo
• growth rate is similar to that of wild-type, and dwarfism is putatively due to defects in embryonic development
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• labyrinthine zone at E18.5 is significantly smaller and exhibits reduced cell proliferation
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• average weight of placentas is about 70% of that of wild-type at E16.5 and this difference is maintained until birth
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• decreased cell proliferation in the labyrinth
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growth/size/body
• growth rate is similar to that of wild-type, and dwarfism is putatively due to defects in embryonic development
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• on average about 20% smaller than wild-type mice
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• fetuses are about 94% of the weight of normal embryos at E16.5 and E17.5 and reach 86% at E18.5
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skeleton
• ossification is delayed in the sternebrae and xiphoid process
• ossification of other bones occurs at the same time as it did in wild-type fetuses
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vision/eye
• ~30% are born with incompletely closed eyelids
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cellular
• the cell cycle appears to be slightly delayed in embryonic fibroblasts cultured in vitro during early passages but by passage 6, they divide at the same rate as controls
• delay for cells in entering S phase from G1
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integument