nervous system
N |
• homozygotes display no significant differences in the size and overall structure of the whole brain, cerebral hemispheres, hippocampal formation, cerebellum, or brain-stem relative to wild-type mice
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• homozygotes show a 2.7-fold increase in the number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive ("fast spiking") interneurons in the stratum oriens but not in the stratum pyramidale
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• homozygotes display significant abnormalities of synapses and neurons in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus
• homozygotes display significant synaptic loss along with an increase of fast-spiking interneurons, indicating impaired hippocampal networking
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• homozygotes display an irregular stratum pyramidale, as revealed by Nissl-staining
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• homozygotes exhibit significantly enlarged and elongated pyramidal cell somata, with a notable increase in long-axis cells and a reduction of typical pyramidal cells, as revealed by Golgi-Cox impregnation and Nissl-staining of pyramidal neurons in the CA1-CA3 subfields of the hippocampus
• however, no apparent changes in pyramidal cell number or in dendritic arborization and spine density are observed
• in addition, all pyramidal neurons in the CA1-CA3 subfields are functionally intact, with no apparent signs of necrosis or apoptosis
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• homozygotes display a significant reduction in the number of asymmetrical synapses that contain thick postsynaptic density (PSD) in the stratum radiatum, but not in the stratum oriens
• however, no differences in synaptic morphology or sub-cellular organelle structure are observed relative to wild-type mice
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• homozygotes show a 2.7-fold increase in the number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive ("fast spiking") interneurons, which co-express GABA and are thought to be involved in hippocampal oscillation
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• homozygotes show a significant decrease of synaptic boutons in the CA1 subfield in the stratum radiatum, along with a marked increase in free boutons in both the strata radiatum and oriens
• although the total number of synaptic and free boutons remains relatively unchanged, the % of synaptic boutons and free boutons is significantly decreased and increased, respectively
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