Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• homozygotes die shortly after the implantation stage due to a defect in trophoblast development
• although homozygotes are obtained at normal Mendelian ratios at E6.5-E7.5, severely resorbed embryos are already detected at E8.5, indicating lethality prior to this stage
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embryo
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• at E6.5, homozygotes display an oval shape and lack obvious proximodistal and anteroposterior polarities
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• at E6.5, homozygotes show absence of obvious proximal-distal polarities
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• at E6.5, homozygotes show absence of obvious anterior-posterior polarities
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• at E5.5-E7.5, homozygous mutant embryos are significantly smaller than wild-type or heterozygous embryos
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• homozygotes display loss of the extra-embryonic ectoderm and ectoplacental cone, both direct derivatives of trophoblast stem cells, suggesting a primary defect at the level of polar trophectoderm
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• at E5.5, homozygous mutant embryos are oval in shape, with inner and outer epithelia, and lack identifiable ectoplacental cones
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• at E6.5, homozygous mutant embryos lack an identifiable extra-embryonic ectoderm
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• homozygotes exhibit defective trophoblast development, probably due to abnormal proliferation of trophoblast stem cells in the polar trophectoderm
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• at E6.5, mutant inner layers appear disorganized rather than single layers of pseudostratified epithelia as in wild-type embryos
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• at E5.5 and E6.5, mutant visceral endoderm cells accumulate in the proximal and distal regions of the embryos, respectively
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growth/size/body
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• at E5.5-E7.5, homozygous mutant embryos are significantly smaller than wild-type or heterozygous embryos
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