Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• homozygotes develop to term but die during birth or shortly thereafter
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limbs/digits/tail
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• at E17.5, mutant embryos display variable reductions of their forelimbs
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• in most cases, a malformed humerus is present at E17.5
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• at E17.5, mutant embryos display variable reductions of their hindlimbs
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• in most cases, a malformed femur is present at E17.5
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• mutant embryos fail to maintain gene activities initiated by FGF and Wnt signaling required for proximodistal limb outgrowth
• in most cases, the humerus and femur are generated but malformed, whereas the more distal parts of the limbs are variably affected
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• initial generation of the AER by Wnt3 remains affected; however, expression of Fgfs and limb patterning genes is significantly altered, resulting in impaired AER maintenance and defective limb outgrowth
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• at E10.5, mutant embryos exhibit apoptotic cell death in the mesenchyme and ectoderm of the forelimb bud, as revealed by TUNEL staining; little or no apoptosis is noted in the control forelimb bud
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short limbs
(
J:86325
)
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• at E17.5, mutant embryos display variable truncations of both fore- and hindlimbs
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embryo
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• mutant embryos display severe truncations of the posterior axial skeleton
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• initial generation of the AER by Wnt3 remains affected; however, expression of Fgfs and limb patterning genes is significantly altered, resulting in impaired AER maintenance and defective limb outgrowth
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• at E10.5, mutant embryos exhibit apoptotic cell death in the mesenchyme and ectoderm of the forelimb bud, as revealed by TUNEL staining; little or no apoptosis is noted in the control forelimb bud
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spina bifida
(
J:86325
)
nervous system
spina bifida
(
J:86325
)
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• mutant embryos display an acerebellar hindbrain
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exencephaly
(
J:86325
)
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• mutant embryos exhibit exencephaly at the forebrain level
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skeleton
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• in most cases, a malformed humerus is present at E17.5
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• in most cases, a malformed femur is present at E17.5
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respiratory system
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• mutant embryos show absence of nasal structures
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craniofacial
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• mutant embryos show absence of palate structures
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• mutant embryos show absence of nasal structures
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digestive/alimentary system
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• mutant embryos show absence of palate structures
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growth/size/body
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• mutant embryos show absence of palate structures
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• mutant embryos show absence of nasal structures
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