cardiovascular system
• tamoxifen treated mice exhibit a more reduced heart rate in response to carbachol and adenosine A1-agonist CCPA compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
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• following tamoxifen treatment, mice exhibit reduced hyperpolarization-activated current (If) density and faster activation kinetics of the residual current compared to in wild-type mice
• however, residual hyperpolarization-activated current (If) is normally blocked by cesium
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• following tamoxifen treatment, mice exhibit frequent sinus pauses in an otherwise normal electrocardiogram
• following tamoxifen treatment, 6 out of 11 sinoatrial nodes exhibit altered action potentials with membrane potentials that drift to hyperpolarization and cessation of discharge
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