neoplasm
• at 18-20 months of age, 3 of 10 female and 1 of 3 male homozygotes display tumors compared with none of the 13 female and 7 male wild-type littermates examined
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• 1 of 3 female homozygotes displayed a uterus leiomyoma
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• at 18-20 months of age, homozygotes are prone to carcinoma development
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• 1 of 3 female homozygotes displayed a duodenum adenocarcinoma
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• 1 of 3 female homozygotes displayed a hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver
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• 1 of 3 male homozygotes displayed an undifferentiated sarcoma that metastasized to the retroperitoneum, liver, spleen, pancreas
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cellular
• homozygous mutant MEFs show increased susceptibility to transformation by the SV40 large T antigen, developing more colony foci than immortalized wild-type MEFs in soft agars
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• T antigen-immortalized homozygous mutant MEFs grow much faster and in a more disorganized fashion relative to immortalized wild-type MEFs
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• homozygotes exhibit histological abnormalities in the mammary glands before 12 months of age (data not shown)
• however, no gross alterations or developmental defects are observed in other organs
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integument
• homozygotes exhibit histological abnormalities in the mammary glands before 12 months of age (data not shown)
• however, no gross alterations or developmental defects are observed in other organs
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reproductive system
• 1 of 3 female homozygotes displayed a uterus leiomyoma
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liver/biliary system
• 1 of 3 female homozygotes displayed a hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver
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digestive/alimentary system
• 1 of 3 female homozygotes displayed a duodenum adenocarcinoma
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muscle
• 1 of 3 female homozygotes displayed a uterus leiomyoma
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