All Phenotypes Ticam1<tm1Aki> MGI Mouse

Phenotypes associated with this allele

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
hm1	Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki	B6.129P2-Ticam1^tm1Aki	MGI:5317149
hm2	Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd	MGI:3029024
hm3	Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6	MGI:3773254
cx4	Myd88^tm1Aki/Myd88^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki	B6.129P2-Myd88^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki	MGI:5432882
cx5	Myd88^tm1Aki/Myd88^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1⁺	B6.129P2-Myd88^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki	MGI:5432883
cx6	Ifih1^tm1Aki/Ifih1^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd	MGI:3803346
cx7	Myd88^tm1Aki/Myd88^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd	MGI:5317150
cx8	Mavs^tm1Aki/Mavs^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6	MGI:3773252
cx9	Ripk3^tm2Vmd/Ripk3^tm2Vmd Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6N	MGI:5614635

Allelic Composition	Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki
Genetic Background	B6.129P2-Ticam1^tm1Aki

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ticam1^tm1Aki mutation (0 available); any Ticam1 mutation (54 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

immune system

impaired neutrophil recruitment ( J:144301 )

• delay in neutrophil recruitment to the lungs following intranasal infection with P. aeruginosa in early stages of infection

• however, by late stages of infection neutrophil numbers are similar to those in wild-type controls

decreased macrophage cytokine production ( J:144301 )

• macrophages treated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa show impaired production of CD5, TNF, and CXCL1

abnormal cytokine level ( J:144301 )

• complete inhibition of CD5 production and marked reduction of CXCL1 production following infection with P. aeruginosa

decreased circulating tumor necrosis factor level ( J:144301 )

• partial reduction in TNF production following infection with P. aeruginosa

abnormal response to infection ( J:144301 )

• complete inhibition of CD5 production and marked reduction of CXCL1 production following infection with P. aeruginosa

increased susceptibility to bacterial infection ( J:144301 )

• impaired clearance of bacteria in the lungs during the first 48 h following intranasal infection with P. aeruginosa

• however, by 6 days after infection all bacteria are cleared from the lungs

homeostasis/metabolism

abnormal cytokine level ( J:144301 )

• complete inhibition of CD5 production and marked reduction of CXCL1 production following infection with P. aeruginosa

decreased circulating tumor necrosis factor level ( J:144301 )

• partial reduction in TNF production following infection with P. aeruginosa

hematopoietic system

impaired neutrophil recruitment ( J:144301 )

• delay in neutrophil recruitment to the lungs following intranasal infection with P. aeruginosa in early stages of infection

• however, by late stages of infection neutrophil numbers are similar to those in wild-type controls

decreased macrophage cytokine production ( J:144301 )

• macrophages treated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa show impaired production of CD5, TNF, and CXCL1

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

immune system

decreased splenocyte proliferation ( J:84679 )

• splenocytes show defective proliferation in response to poly(I:C) or LPS

abnormal B cell physiology ( J:84679 )

• B-cells are impaired in poly(I:C) augmentation of surface expression of CD69, CD86, and MHC class

abnormal B cell activation ( J:174941 )

• enhanced rEA stimulated activation of B cells compared to wild-type controls

abnormal NK cell physiology ( J:174941 )

• enhanced rEA stimulated activation of NK cells compared to wild-type controls

abnormal NK T cell physiology ( J:174941 )

• enhanced rEA stimulated activation of NK T cells compared to wild-type controls

abnormal macrophage physiology ( J:84679 , J:174941 )

• LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-12 p40 is abolished in mutant macrophages (J:84679)

• enhanced rEA stimulated activation of macrophages compared to wild-type controls (J:174941)

impaired macrophage phagocytosis ( J:185198 )

• in culture the clearance of axonal debris by peritoneal macrophages from degenerating axons is markedly reduced

• in vivo axonal phagocytosis by microglia is reduced following axon degeneration induced by lumbar dorsal root axotomy

abnormal microglial cell physiology ( J:185198 )

• in culture the clearance of axonal debris from degenerating axons and following axotomy is reduced

• in culture following axotomy microglia exhibit slightly slower migration toward axonal debris and a decreased capacity to engulf material

• in vivo axonal phagocytosis is reduced following axon degeneration induced by lumbar dorsal root axotomy

abnormal cytokine level ( J:174941 )

• enhanced rEA stimulated increase in cytokine and chemokine levels

abnormal interleukin level ( J:137522 )

• severely impaired production of IL12p40

decreased circulating interleukin-6 level ( J:145306 )

• following exposure to acid-induced acute lung injury, LPS, or 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine

abnormal dendritic cell physiology ( J:174941 )

• enhanced Eimeria tenella derived antigen (rEA) stimulated activation of dendritic cells compared to wild-type controls

• dendritic cells produce dramatically higher levels of cytokines when stimulated with LPS, R848 or ODN2006 compared to wild-type cells

abnormal cytokine secretion ( J:84679 )

• mutants show defective production of inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS

• LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-12 p40 is abolished in mutant macrophages

decreased susceptibility to endotoxin shock ( J:84679 )

• mutants show defective production of inflammatory cytokines and resistance to LPS-induced septic shock

decreased susceptibility to Orthomyxoviridae infection ( J:145306 )

• following exposure to inactivated H5N1 virus , acute-lung injury and IL6 production are attenuated compared to in wild-type mice

homeostasis/metabolism

abnormal cytokine level ( J:174941 )

• enhanced rEA stimulated increase in cytokine and chemokine levels

abnormal interleukin level ( J:137522 )

• severely impaired production of IL12p40

decreased circulating interleukin-6 level ( J:145306 )

• following exposure to acid-induced acute lung injury, LPS, or 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine

decreased susceptibility to injury ( J:145306 )

• following exposure to acid-induced acute lung injury, mice exhibit alleviated symptoms compared to wild-type mice with decreased changes in elastance, edema, and serum IL6 levels

• following exposure to 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine, lung function is improved and IL6 production is decreased compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice

hematopoietic system

decreased splenocyte proliferation ( J:84679 )

• splenocytes show defective proliferation in response to poly(I:C) or LPS

abnormal B cell physiology ( J:84679 )

• B-cells are impaired in poly(I:C) augmentation of surface expression of CD69, CD86, and MHC class

abnormal B cell activation ( J:174941 )

• enhanced rEA stimulated activation of B cells compared to wild-type controls

abnormal NK cell physiology ( J:174941 )

• enhanced rEA stimulated activation of NK cells compared to wild-type controls

abnormal NK T cell physiology ( J:174941 )

• enhanced rEA stimulated activation of NK T cells compared to wild-type controls

abnormal macrophage physiology ( J:84679 , J:174941 )

• LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-12 p40 is abolished in mutant macrophages (J:84679)

• enhanced rEA stimulated activation of macrophages compared to wild-type controls (J:174941)

impaired macrophage phagocytosis ( J:185198 )

• in culture the clearance of axonal debris by peritoneal macrophages from degenerating axons is markedly reduced

• in vivo axonal phagocytosis by microglia is reduced following axon degeneration induced by lumbar dorsal root axotomy

abnormal microglial cell physiology ( J:185198 )

• in culture the clearance of axonal debris from degenerating axons and following axotomy is reduced

• in culture following axotomy microglia exhibit slightly slower migration toward axonal debris and a decreased capacity to engulf material

• in vivo axonal phagocytosis is reduced following axon degeneration induced by lumbar dorsal root axotomy

cellular

decreased splenocyte proliferation ( J:84679 )

• splenocytes show defective proliferation in response to poly(I:C) or LPS

impaired macrophage phagocytosis ( J:185198 )

• in culture the clearance of axonal debris by peritoneal macrophages from degenerating axons is markedly reduced

• in vivo axonal phagocytosis by microglia is reduced following axon degeneration induced by lumbar dorsal root axotomy

nervous system

abnormal microglial cell physiology ( J:185198 )

• in culture the clearance of axonal debris from degenerating axons and following axotomy is reduced

• in culture following axotomy microglia exhibit slightly slower migration toward axonal debris and a decreased capacity to engulf material

• in vivo axonal phagocytosis is reduced following axon degeneration induced by lumbar dorsal root axotomy

Allelic Composition	Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki
Genetic Background	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ticam1^tm1Aki mutation (0 available); any Ticam1 mutation (54 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

increased susceptibility to Picornaviridae infection induced morbidity/mortality ( J:169158 )

• develop severe heart failure with marked myocardial damage following infection with coxsackievirus group B serotype 3 (CVB3)

immune system

immune system phenotype ( J:132662 )

N	• the immunogenicity generated by a DNA vaccine is normal in these mice

myocarditis ( J:169158 )

• develop severe myocarditis following CVB3 infection

decreased CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell number ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice or isolated spleen cells to ovalbumin and poly I:C results in half as many tetramer positive, ovalbumin-specific CD8+ as in wild-type mice

decreased IgG level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to ovalbumin and poly I:C induces 60% less IgG production than in wild-type mice

decreased IgG2a level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to ovalbumin and poly I:C induces 50% less IgG2a production than in wild-type mice

abnormal cytokine level ( J:169158 )

• increase in cardiac cytokines 7 days after CVB3 infection compared to wild-type controls

decreased circulating interferon-gamma level ( J:130954 )

• immunization of spleen cells with class I antigens resulted in decreased interferon-gamma levels compared to in wild-type mice

decreased circulating interleukin-12b level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to poly I:C results in reduction of IL-12b serum levels compared to wild-type mice

decreased circulating interleukin-6 level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to poly I:C results in reduced IL-6 serum levels compared to wild-type mice

decreased susceptibility to type I hypersensitivity reaction ( J:161445 )

• exposure to dsRNA fails to exacerbate the response to OVA in sensitized mice unlike in wild-type controls

• however, the response to OVA alone is similar to wild-type controls

decreased interferon-beta secretion ( J:130954 )

• exposure of dendritic cells to poly I:C results in abolishment of IFN-beta production compared to wild-type cells

decreased interleukin-12b secretion ( J:130954 )

• exposure of dendritic cells to poly I:C results in abolishment of IL-12b production compared to wild-type cells

abnormal susceptibility to Poxviridae infection ( J:162716 )

• following intranasal infection with 1[?]104 pfu Vac-GFL (a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses a reporter protein) weight loss is reduced at 1 - 4 days after infection but viral load is increased

increased susceptibility to Picornaviridae infection ( J:169158 )

• elevated viral load in the heart 2 and 7 days after CVB3 infection

• increase in cardiac cytokines 7 days after CVB3 infection compared to wild-type controls

• immune cell infiltration into the heart is increased 7 days after CVB3 infection compared to wild-type controls

increased susceptibility to Picornaviridae infection induced morbidity/mortality ( J:169158 )

• develop severe heart failure with marked myocardial damage following infection with coxsackievirus group B serotype 3 (CVB3)

homeostasis/metabolism

abnormal cytokine level ( J:169158 )

• increase in cardiac cytokines 7 days after CVB3 infection compared to wild-type controls

decreased circulating interferon-gamma level ( J:130954 )

• immunization of spleen cells with class I antigens resulted in decreased interferon-gamma levels compared to in wild-type mice

decreased circulating interleukin-12b level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to poly I:C results in reduction of IL-12b serum levels compared to wild-type mice

decreased circulating interleukin-6 level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to poly I:C results in reduced IL-6 serum levels compared to wild-type mice

hematopoietic system

decreased CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell number ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice or isolated spleen cells to ovalbumin and poly I:C results in half as many tetramer positive, ovalbumin-specific CD8+ as in wild-type mice

decreased IgG level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to ovalbumin and poly I:C induces 60% less IgG production than in wild-type mice

decreased IgG2a level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to ovalbumin and poly I:C induces 50% less IgG2a production than in wild-type mice

growth/size/body

decreased susceptibility to weight loss ( J:162716 )

• reduced weight loss following infection with Vac-GFL

cardiovascular system

myocarditis ( J:169158 )

• develop severe myocarditis following CVB3 infection

Allelic Composition	Myd88^tm1Aki/Myd88^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki
Genetic Background	B6.129P2-Myd88^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Myd88^tm1Aki mutation (9 available); any Myd88 mutation (52 available)
Ticam1^tm1Aki mutation (0 available); any Ticam1 mutation (54 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

increased susceptibility to parasitic infection induced morbidity/mortality ( J:140485 )

• all mice die within 19 days of infection with T. cruzi

immune system

decreased macrophage cytokine production ( J:140485 )

• severely reduced production of TNF in Trypanosoma cruzi infected macrophages

decreased macrophage nitric oxide production ( J:140485 )

• severely reduced in Trypanosoma cruzi infected macrophages

increased susceptibility to parasitic infection ( J:140485 )

• in cultured bone marrow dendritic cells from mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi the number of trypomastigotes released into the supernatant is considerably increased and the replication within macrophages is markedly enhanced compared to controls

• serum parasite counts continue to increase after day 13 and reach a much higher level by 15 days post infection

increased susceptibility to parasitic infection induced morbidity/mortality ( J:140485 )

• all mice die within 19 days of infection with T. cruzi

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased macrophage nitric oxide production ( J:140485 )

• severely reduced in Trypanosoma cruzi infected macrophages

hematopoietic system

decreased macrophage cytokine production ( J:140485 )

• severely reduced production of TNF in Trypanosoma cruzi infected macrophages

decreased macrophage nitric oxide production ( J:140485 )

• severely reduced in Trypanosoma cruzi infected macrophages

Allelic Composition	Myd88^tm1Aki/Myd88^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1⁺
Genetic Background	B6.129P2-Myd88^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki

Find Mice

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

increased susceptibility to parasitic infection induced morbidity/mortality ( J:140485 )

• start to die around 15 days and about half die within 19 days post T. cruzi infection unlike controls that survive for more than 19 days

immune system

decreased macrophage cytokine production ( J:140485 )

• severely reduced production of TNF in Trypanosoma cruzi infected macrophages

decreased macrophage nitric oxide production ( J:140485 )

• severely reduced in Trypanosoma cruzi infected macrophages

increased susceptibility to parasitic infection ( J:140485 )

• in cultured bone marrow dendritic cells from mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi the number of trypomastigotes released into the supernatant is increased and the replication within macrophages is slightly enhanced compared to controls

increased susceptibility to parasitic infection induced morbidity/mortality ( J:140485 )

• start to die around 15 days and about half die within 19 days post T. cruzi infection unlike controls that survive for more than 19 days

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased macrophage nitric oxide production ( J:140485 )

• severely reduced in Trypanosoma cruzi infected macrophages

hematopoietic system

decreased macrophage cytokine production ( J:140485 )

• severely reduced production of TNF in Trypanosoma cruzi infected macrophages

decreased macrophage nitric oxide production ( J:140485 )

• severely reduced in Trypanosoma cruzi infected macrophages

Allelic Composition	Ifih1^tm1Aki/Ifih1^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki
Genetic Background	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ifih1^tm1Aki mutation (1 available); any Ifih1 mutation (45 available)
Ticam1^tm1Aki mutation (0 available); any Ticam1 mutation (54 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

immune system

abnormal interferon level ( J:137522 )

• fail to produce interferon alpha in response to poly(I:C)

abnormal interleukin level ( J:137522 )

• fail to produce IL6 and IL12p40 in response to poly(I:C)

homeostasis/metabolism

abnormal interferon level ( J:137522 )

• fail to produce interferon alpha in response to poly(I:C)

abnormal interleukin level ( J:137522 )

• fail to produce IL6 and IL12p40 in response to poly(I:C)

Allelic Composition	Myd88^tm1Aki/Myd88^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki
Genetic Background	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd

Find Mice

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

immune system

abnormal macrophage physiology ( J:174941 )

• absence of Eimeria tenella derived antigen (rEA) stimulated activation of macrophages unlike in wild-type controls

abnormal dendritic cell physiology ( J:174941 )

• absence of Eimeria tenella derived antigen (rEA) stimulated activation of dendritic cells unlike in wild-type controls

• dendritic cells fail to produce higher levels of cytokines when stimulated with LPS, R848 or ODN2006 unlike wild-type cells

hematopoietic system

abnormal macrophage physiology ( J:174941 )

• absence of Eimeria tenella derived antigen (rEA) stimulated activation of macrophages unlike in wild-type controls

Allelic Composition	Mavs^tm1Aki/Mavs^tm1Aki Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki
Genetic Background	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Mavs^tm1Aki mutation (0 available); any Mavs mutation (36 available)
Ticam1^tm1Aki mutation (0 available); any Ticam1 mutation (54 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

immune system

decreased CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell number ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice or isolated spleen cells to ovalbumin and poly I:C results no expansion of tetramer positive, ovalbumin-specific CD8+ as in wild-type mice

• however, interferon-gamma levels following exposure of spleen cells to ovalbumin in alum plus CpG DNA results in a normal numbers of tetramer positive, ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T cells

decreased IgG level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to ovalbumin and poly I:C induces no increase in IgG production unlike in wild-type mice

decreased IgG1 level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to ovalbumin and poly I:C induces no increase in IgG1 production unlike in wild-type mice

decreased IgG2a level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to ovalbumin and poly I:C induces no increase in IgG2a production unlike in wild-type mice

decreased cytotoxic T cell cytolysis ( J:130954 )

• following immunization with ovalbumin in alum plus poly I:C do not exhibit cytotoxicity unlike in wild-type mice

decreased circulating interferon-alpha level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to poly I:C results in no increase in IFN-alpha serum levels unlike in wild-type mice

decreased circulating interferon-beta level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to poly I:C results in no increase in IFN-beta serum levels unlike in wild-type mice

decreased circulating interferon-gamma level ( J:130954 )

• immunization of spleen cells with class I antigens resulted in no increase in interferon-gamma levels as in wild-type mice

• however, interferon-gamma levels following exposure of spleen cells to ovalbumin in alum plus CpG DNA results in a normal interferon-gamma response

decreased circulating interleukin-12b level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to poly I:C results in no increase in IL-12b serum levels unlike in wild-type mice

decreased circulating interleukin-6 level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to poly I:C results in no increase in IL-6 serum levels unlike in wild-type mice

decreased interferon-beta secretion ( J:130954 )

• exposure of dendritic cells to poly I:C results in reduction of IFN-beta production compared to wild-type cells

decreased interleukin-12b secretion ( J:130954 )

• exposure of dendritic cells to poly I:C results in reduction of IL-12b production compared to wild-type cells

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased circulating interferon-alpha level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to poly I:C results in no increase in IFN-alpha serum levels unlike in wild-type mice

decreased circulating interferon-beta level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to poly I:C results in no increase in IFN-beta serum levels unlike in wild-type mice

decreased circulating interferon-gamma level ( J:130954 )

• immunization of spleen cells with class I antigens resulted in no increase in interferon-gamma levels as in wild-type mice

• however, interferon-gamma levels following exposure of spleen cells to ovalbumin in alum plus CpG DNA results in a normal interferon-gamma response

decreased circulating interleukin-12b level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to poly I:C results in no increase in IL-12b serum levels unlike in wild-type mice

decreased circulating interleukin-6 level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to poly I:C results in no increase in IL-6 serum levels unlike in wild-type mice

hematopoietic system

decreased CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell number ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice or isolated spleen cells to ovalbumin and poly I:C results no expansion of tetramer positive, ovalbumin-specific CD8+ as in wild-type mice

• however, interferon-gamma levels following exposure of spleen cells to ovalbumin in alum plus CpG DNA results in a normal numbers of tetramer positive, ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T cells

decreased IgG level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to ovalbumin and poly I:C induces no increase in IgG production unlike in wild-type mice

decreased IgG1 level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to ovalbumin and poly I:C induces no increase in IgG1 production unlike in wild-type mice

decreased IgG2a level ( J:130954 )

• exposure of mice to ovalbumin and poly I:C induces no increase in IgG2a production unlike in wild-type mice

decreased cytotoxic T cell cytolysis ( J:130954 )

• following immunization with ovalbumin in alum plus poly I:C do not exhibit cytotoxicity unlike in wild-type mice

Allelic Composition	Ripk3^tm2Vmd/Ripk3^tm2Vmd Ticam1^tm1Aki/Ticam1^tm1Aki
Genetic Background	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6N

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ripk3^tm2Vmd mutation (0 available); any Ripk3 mutation (34 available)
Ticam1^tm1Aki mutation (0 available); any Ticam1 mutation (54 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

embryonic lethality prior to tooth bud stage ( J:209137 )

• embryos do not survive beyond around E11.5

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