cellular
• increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, demonstrated by decreased survival after chronic intraperitoneal administration of paraquat
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homeostasis/metabolism
• possibly indicative of liver damage
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• possibly indicative of liver damage
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• reduced ability to conjugate 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4-HNE), resulting in the accumulation of 4-HNE in various tissues
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immune system
• increased bone marrow fat content, putatively due to altered adipocyte differentiation or function
• normal bone density, therefore decreased bone to fat ratio
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• observation of bacterial infections that arose in the breeding colony showed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus infection relative to heterozygous and wild-type mice
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reproductive system