mortality/aging
• incomplete penetrance; 43% of homozygotes die prematurely
|
• incomplete penetrance; approximately one third of homozygous mice die by 1 week of age
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behavior/neurological
limb grasping
(
J:69466
)
• animals clasp limbs together when lifted by the tail instead of splaying limbs
|
• males rarely initiate mating behavior
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
• thin seminiferous epithelium
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growth/size/body
• average weight of homozygotes is 63.8% of controls
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reproductive system
• thin seminiferous epithelium
|
• degenerated germ cells in various stages were noted; reduced numbers of mature spermatozoa were observed
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• reduced sperm count; homozygous mice had half the number of sperm as controls; in some cases no sperm were present
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• successful pregnancies from homozygous males resulted in an average litter size of 2; controls had 6 or 7
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• of successful matings by homozygous males, only 40% of plugged females led to pregnancy
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nervous system
• the superior colliculi in homozygous brains were more exposed than in controls
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cellular
• reduced sperm count; homozygous mice had half the number of sperm as controls; in some cases no sperm were present
|