cardiovascular system
• hearts grossly enlarged by 4-6 months
• increased numbers of normal sized mitochondria
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cellular
• ADP stimulation of cell respiration is inhibited
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homeostasis/metabolism
• increased blood levels of succinic acid (48X) and citric acid (1.7X)
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• elevated levels of alanine in blood
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• 4X increase in resting serum lactate levels
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• reduced tolerance for exercise and a lower anabolic threshold
• only about half the exercise capacity on a treadmill test
• increased respiratory exchange ratio during exercise
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muscle
• skeletal muscle with ragged-red fibers typical of mitochondrial myopathy
• mitochondria are large and excessively abundant
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growth/size/body
• hearts grossly enlarged by 4-6 months
• increased numbers of normal sized mitochondria
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