Analysis Tools
growth/size/body
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• mice are 60% of the size of control littermates at birth
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• mice remain 40% smaller during postnatal development
(J:88578)
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• at 24 days of age, females weigh significantly less than wild-type or heterozygous controls
(J:161983)
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• proportional dwarfism is seen
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skeleton
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• ossification delays of approximately 1 day occur between E13.5 and E18.5 in the clavicle, facial and cranial bones, vertebrae, and digits of the forelimbs and hindlimbs
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reproductive system
small ovary
(
J:161983
)
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• unstimulated and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)-primed 22-day-old females show a proportionally smaller ovary size than wild-type or heterozygous controls
• however, all follicle stages are present, and no differences other than proportionally smaller size are observed before and after eCG priming
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• eCG-primed females show an apparent lack of ovarian weight gain upon human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection, resulting in a significantly lower ovary:body weight ratio at 8 h after hCG
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• after induction of superovulation, 3- and 6-wk-old females ovulate a significantly lower number of cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) than wild-type or heterozygous controls
• however, cumulus expansion is normal at 8 h after hCG treatment
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• females show reduced fertility potential, likely due to reduced local IGF availability in the ovarian follicular compartment
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• when mated with wild-type males, females produce a significantly smaller average litter size than wild-type or heterozygous females
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• following eCG administration, females exhibit significantly lower serum estradiol levels than similarly treated wild-type controls
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• at 24 h after hCG injection, females exhibit significantly higher serum estradiol levels than similarly treated wild-type controls
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• at 8 h and 24 h after hCG injection, females exhibit significantly lower serum progesterone levels than similarly treated wild-type controls
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• following gonadotropin stimulation, females show reduced ovarian mRNA levels of steroidogenic enzyme genes relative to similarly treated wild-type controls
• overall, a delayed shutdown of E2-synthesizing genes is observed after hCG administration
• however, no significant differences in Fshr or Lhcgr mRNA levels are observed after eCG and hCG administration
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• preovulatory follicular fluid shows total loss of IGFBP4 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4) proteolytic activity, indicating no compensation for loss of PAPPA proteolytic activity by other IGFBP proteases in the ovary
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endocrine/exocrine glands
small ovary
(
J:161983
)
|
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• unstimulated and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)-primed 22-day-old females show a proportionally smaller ovary size than wild-type or heterozygous controls
• however, all follicle stages are present, and no differences other than proportionally smaller size are observed before and after eCG priming
|
|
|
• eCG-primed females show an apparent lack of ovarian weight gain upon human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection, resulting in a significantly lower ovary:body weight ratio at 8 h after hCG
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