Analysis Tools
immune system
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• homozygotes display a normal T cell phenotype in the thymus and periphery and normal T cell proliferation and IL-2R expression in response to anti-CD3 stimulation relative to wild-type controls
• homozygotes display a normal B cell phenotype in the bone marrow, spleen, and peritoneum as well as normal in vitro B cell proliferation in response to B cell receptor crosslinking, CD40 ligation, and LPS with normal production of IgG1 and IgE in response to anti-CD40 plus IL-4 relative to wild-type controls
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• homozygotes exhibit impaired IgA class switching
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• homozygotes display a significantly increased number of CD44hiCD62Llo CD4+ effector/memory T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes
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• following immunization with the TD antigen NP28-CGG, mutant spleens contain significantly more germinal centers than wild-type spleens
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• following immunization with the TD antigen NP28-CGG, mutant spleens exhibit significantly enlarged germinal centers relative to wild-type spleens
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• at 10-12 weeks of age, nonimmunized homozygotes display a ~50% reduction in serum IgA levels relative to wild-type controls
• after mucosal (intragastric plus intranasal) immunization with the TD antigen CGG, homozygotes display a significantly lower IgA response and markedly reduced numbers of IgA+ plasma cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine relative to mucosally immunized wild-type controls
• after immunization with the type 1 T-independent (TI-1) antigen NP-LPS, homozygotes display a significantly lower IgA anti-NP response than wild-type controls
• in contrast, the IgA anti-NP response to the Type 2 T-Independent (TI-2) antigen NP-Ficoll is normal
• in addition, the IgA antibody response to i.p.-introduced NP-CGG is similar to that in wild-type controls
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• following immunization with the TD antigen NP28-CGG, homozygotes display significantly enhanced IgG antibody responses to NP in all four IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3) relative to wild-type controls; in contrast, IgM and IgA antibody responses to NP are similar to those in wild-type controls
• after mucosal (intragastric plus intranasal) immunization with the TD antigen CGG, homozygotes display a significantly higher IgG response than wild-type controls
• however, homozygotes display a normal level of IgG3 anti-NP antibodies in response to immunization with the TI-1 antigen NP-LPS or the TI-2 antigen NP-Ficoll
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• after immunization with the type 1 T-independent (TI-1) antigen NP-LPS, homozygotes display a significantly lower IgM anti-NP response than wild-type controls
• in contrast, the IgM anti-NP response to the Type 2 T-Independent (TI-2) antigen NP-Ficoll is normal
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hematopoietic system
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• homozygotes exhibit impaired IgA class switching
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• homozygotes display a significantly increased number of CD44hiCD62Llo CD4+ effector/memory T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes
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• following immunization with the TD antigen NP28-CGG, mutant spleens contain significantly more germinal centers than wild-type spleens
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• following immunization with the TD antigen NP28-CGG, mutant spleens exhibit significantly enlarged germinal centers relative to wild-type spleens
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• at 10-12 weeks of age, nonimmunized homozygotes display a ~50% reduction in serum IgA levels relative to wild-type controls
• after mucosal (intragastric plus intranasal) immunization with the TD antigen CGG, homozygotes display a significantly lower IgA response and markedly reduced numbers of IgA+ plasma cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine relative to mucosally immunized wild-type controls
• after immunization with the type 1 T-independent (TI-1) antigen NP-LPS, homozygotes display a significantly lower IgA anti-NP response than wild-type controls
• in contrast, the IgA anti-NP response to the Type 2 T-Independent (TI-2) antigen NP-Ficoll is normal
• in addition, the IgA antibody response to i.p.-introduced NP-CGG is similar to that in wild-type controls
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• following immunization with the TD antigen NP28-CGG, homozygotes display significantly enhanced IgG antibody responses to NP in all four IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3) relative to wild-type controls; in contrast, IgM and IgA antibody responses to NP are similar to those in wild-type controls
• after mucosal (intragastric plus intranasal) immunization with the TD antigen CGG, homozygotes display a significantly higher IgG response than wild-type controls
• however, homozygotes display a normal level of IgG3 anti-NP antibodies in response to immunization with the TI-1 antigen NP-LPS or the TI-2 antigen NP-Ficoll
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• after immunization with the type 1 T-independent (TI-1) antigen NP-LPS, homozygotes display a significantly lower IgM anti-NP response than wild-type controls
• in contrast, the IgM anti-NP response to the Type 2 T-Independent (TI-2) antigen NP-Ficoll is normal
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